The Investment Detective - 876 Words

CASE STUDY The Investment Detective The essence of capital budgeting and resource allocation is a search for good investments in which to place the firm’s capital. The process can be simple when viewed in purely mechanical terms, but a number of subtle issues can obscure the best investment choices. The capital budgeting analyst is necessarily, therefore, a detective who must winnow good evidence from bad. Much of the challenges is knowing what quantitative analysis to generate in the first place. Supposed you are a new capital budgeting analyst for a company considering investments in the eight projects listed in Exhibit 1. The chief financial officer of your company has asked you to rank the projects and recommend the â€Å"four†¦show more content†¦Project 2 and 6 are similar to an actual venture capital project where bulk of the cash inflow occurs at the end while some of the inflow is at the beginning. Project 3 is similar to a zero coupon bond where you purchase the bond at a specific price and you receive an big cash outflow at the end of the maturity period. Project 4,7 and 8 are like an investment in a machinery, which generates positive cash for you for a certain period of time. After a while, you can sell that off and receive some more cash. You might have some additional cash outflows initially to get the machinery going (training etc.). Project 5 is similar to an annuity. Part II The company has the following capital structure: |Account |$ |Costs before tax | |Long-term Debt |2,000,000 |10% | |Preferred Stock |500,000 |14% | |Common Stock |2,500,000 |16% | 1. Calculate the weighted average cost ofShow MoreRelatedInvestment Detective868 Words   |  4 PagesCase 17 – The Investment Detective The case of the Investment Detective laid out the cash flows for us in each of eight different projects. Before doing any calculations we came up with the assumption that we could not rank the projects simply by inspecting the cash flows. Without the ability to rank the projects based off of cash flows solely, we had to use some analytical criteria as a capital budgeting analyst to provide some thorough support and reasoning for how we ranked the four bestRead MoreInvestment detective782 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿The Investment Detective Case We can use normal investment to calculate the data, but we also can do it as reinvestment to invest every project for the same years. For every question, I will give answers for both normal investment and reinvestment. 1. We can rank the projects simply by the cash flow data. Normal investment: Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Project number 3 8 6 1 5 7 4 2 Cash flow 8000 2150 200 1310 2200 560 1561 165 Reinvestment: Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Read MoreThe Investment Detective2301 Words   |  10 PagesProject Free Cash Flows (dollars in thousands) Project number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Initial investment (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) Year 1 $ 330 $ 1,666 $ 160 $ 280 $ 2,200 $ 1,200 $ (350) 2 330 334 200 280 900 (60) 3 330 165 350 280 300 60 4 330Read MoreThe Investment Detective2313 Words   |  10 PagesProject Free Cash Flows (dollars in thousands) Project number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Initial investment (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) Year 1 $ 330 $ 1,666 $ 160 $ 280 $ 2,200 $ 1,200 $ (350) 2 330 334 200 280 900 (60) 3 330 165 350 280 300 60 4 Read MoreThe Investment Detective Essay655 Words   |  3 PagesCase Study: The Investment Detective Primary consideration is the capital availability. If the firm has unlimited access to capital and no other investment options, Net Present Value would become recommended quantitative method. On the other hand, if the time horizon and payback period matter, the company should use Internal Rate of Return Calculation. 1. Looking at the cash flows doesn’t really say much. The assumption is that the firm is in the business to make profit. Profit is equal returnRead MoreCase Write Up The Investment Detective 11373 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Case Write-Up: The Investment Detective Case Summary The purpose of this case is to become a capital budgeting analyst and evaluate which set of free cash flows for 8 projects will result in the most effective investment for a firm’s capital. The objective given is to rank the four best that the company should accept. The case is broken down into three separate steps including the given information about estimated cash flows (inflows outflows), determining the appropriate discount rate, and evaluatingRead MoreCyber Threat Intelligence Based On Cyber Threats1612 Words   |  7 PagesOfficers must obtain a consensus for which mitigating controls are key, which can be a trying negotiation between the CISO, Chief Technology Officer, Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI), Infrastructure Engineering, Audit and Assurance teams, and the Investment and Audit committees. How do you harness your entire organization to focus on a common agreed-upon list of key security controls? By defining key controls based on cyber threats (translated into business risks), an organization can more easilyRead MoreWhy Security Controls Is Important Than Which Controls You Put On A Compliance Checklist1624 Words   |  7 Pagesin place, implement them (this drives security investments). The resulting risk reduction will vary based how many – and what type of - controls are in place. Truly layered controls are more effective than side-by-side controls. For example, role-based access control (RBAC) and periodic user access reviews are layered controls – RBAC for access provisioning is a preventative control, and quarterly user access reviews is a complementary detective control. For each risk statement, calculate ResidualRead MoreSherlock Holmes: A Timeless Victorian Creation Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter keep the mastermind relevant. While the modernization of Sherlock creates a personal connection between the reader and Sherlock in â€Å"A Scandal in Belgravia,† the BBC adaptation dilutes Sherlock’s character from a distinguished genius to a mere detective. In the story â€Å"A Scandal in Bohemia,† we get a glimpse of Holmes’s character, a natural mastermind, through John Watsons narration. As with any narrated scene, our perception of Holmes develops through the opinion of another. However, Watson,Read MoreSjaq1310 Words   |  6 PagesPerformance absenteeism lateness, safety personnel cost which provide .managers with valuable information about personnel. Financial Controls: Financial controls focus on income, expenditures, cash flow, asset mix, and acquisition of funds and investment of funds. Informational control: This control helps managers and others get the information they need to make lamely and intelligent decisions. It focuses on collection processing, storage, security and dissemination of data at the right time

Violence on Film Essay - 2304 Words

The Western stands as one of the great genres of Hollywood cinema, as it possesses the ability to transcend both time and subject matter. Accordingly, the types of themes which this genres addresses, such as romanticism, and American heroism, can still be seen as viable commodities within modern-day storytelling. However, while The Western has focused on various topics throughout its cinematic history, what ultimately serves as the primary critique of the genre, is the exploration of role of violence and aggression within society (Lusted 16). Furthermore, at the source of this examination is the â€Å"Gunfighter† Western, which centers the focus of the genre to a more individualized and intimate perspective. Accordingly, films such as Henry†¦show more content†¦Instead, the films focus on a singular character, whose willingness to proceed with supposed social morality, is stifled by his inability to evade his past aggressions, playing more on internal struggle. Accor dingly, the gunfighter as character, is both hero and foe; to himself and to society. In this way, the jekyll-Hyde characterization of the protagonists (Parks 51) almost acts in the same way as the dynamic in The Searchers, with the singular character coming to play the part of both threat, and hero, thus unifying the sub-genre within the greater Western style. Fittingly, one of the first films to issue in this sub-genre of the Western, is Henry King’s The Gunfighter (Lusted 210). This film stars popular actor Gregory Peck, who had previously stared in a variety of westerns including, Duel In the Sun,(1946) in which he played a romantic role, and Yellow Sun, (1948) in which he played a small time crook, who falls in love with the granddaughter of the man hes trying to steal from (IMDB). However, although the hollywood star system during this period, was defined by the fact that stars were to beâ€Å"accepted by the public in term of a certain set of personality traits, which permeate all of his or her film roles,† (Harris 125) Pecks role within this film, goes beyond what audiences were presumably expectingShow MoreRelatedViolence In Films Essay720 Words   |  3 PagesViolence In Films In this essay I am going to compare 3 scenes of violence from 3 different genres and analyse their certifications and effects on young people and whether children are finding ways of viewing secretly, or are being allowed to see, too much violence in films, T.V or through any other median. There has always been violence in films, and there has always been public debate along with it, but as the violence becomes more shocking and more accessibleRead More Is Violence in Films Responsible For Childrens Agressive Behavior?1021 Words   |  5 PagesIs Violence in Films Responsible For Childrens Agressive Behavior? Violence on screen is often offered to the young population, which responds to it in so different ways. Childrens psychological development is based on social experiences and imitations. Children are influenced either by their families (direct source of influence) or by their surroundings (indirect source of influence). The question I will be exploring is the responsibility of the violence in films in children’s aggressiveRead MoreRaiders of the Lost Ark and Film Violence Essay747 Words   |  3 Pagesbuttons† of violence – â€Å"creative elements that filmmakers use to manipulate viewers’ reactions to onscreen violence.† (99) These elements, posited by researchers conducting The National Television Violence Study (Valenti, 99) are â€Å"choice of perpetrator, choice of victim, presence of consequences, rewards and punishments, the reason for the violence, weapons, realism, use of humor, and prolonged exposure† (Valenti, 100) . Raiders of the Lost Ark is a violent, yet well loved film which wouldRead More Pointless Violence in the Movie (Film), Natural Born Killers566 Words   |  3 PagesPointless Violence in the Movie (Film), Natural Born Killers Daily, the public is bombarded with violence, not only on television, but also in other media, such as newspapers and tabloids. 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It is set in 1980 and centers around the chaos of questionableRead More Comparing Burgess and Drapers Theory of Family Violence and the Film, The Burning Bed2097 Words   |  9 PagesComparing Burgess and Drapers Theory of Family Violence and the Film, The Burning Bed    I.   Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Burgess and Draper argue coercive patterns of family interaction represent the principal causal pathway that connects ecological instability to violence within families.   They maintain this raises the possibility that some of the common correlates of such violence are themselves reactions to sudden or chronic ecological instability.   For example, alcoholism, depression, and anxietyRead MoreFilm Review: Shane995 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Stevens 1953 film Shane is notable for a number of reasons, from its grand cinematography to its ambiguous ending, but perhaps the most striking thing about the film is its treatment of violence. In particular, the film uses the story of the mysterious gunfighter Shane to chart the gradual irrelevance of this kind of violence in the aftermath of the Civil War, and in some ways one can imagine that the film itself is attempting to recover from the violence of World War II. By examining someRead MoreRole of Violence in the Hist ory of Cinema987 Words   |  4 PagesViolence plays a major role in the history of cinema. Both Alfred Hitchcock and Quentin Tarantino have produced a litany of films that have imagery or plots that include violent acts. However, their different directorial visions and styles make it so that Hitchcock and Tarantino films are nothing alike. This is because Hitchcocks objective was to make the audience feel afraid, tense, and anxious for the protagonist, whereas Tarantinos objective is to illustrate the absurdity of violence by elevatingRead MoreMovie Analysis : Gun Violence1287 Words   |  6 Pageswith numerous different acts of violence. Of the eight types of violence counted in the film, gun violence was the most prominent type of violence with eighty-six acts of gun violence throughout the film. Any time a weapon was drawn or shots were fired it was counted as gun violence. The next most common type of violence in the film was physical violence, with seventy-six incidents, whi ch involved any hitting, kicking or pushing. There were nineteen acts of violence with a weapon other than a gunRead MoreVideo Industry And Its Impact On Children1173 Words   |  5 PagesWhile we are enthusiasts of entertainment and thrilling action, we are parental figures to the next generation of children on their way. Violence presented in media potentially affects children through vivid depictions of gore and tragedy, blurring the line between reality and fictionalized drama. The film industry and its’ supporters thrive off of these displays, drawing in crowds of spectators which provide the industry with an extraordinary amount of profit. Although many of these parents are

An Inconvenient Truth Summary 3 †Essay †Deng1993 Free Essays

Director Davis Guggenheim eloquently weaves the science of  global warming  with Mr. Gore’s personal history and lifelong commitment to reversing the effects of global climate change. A longtime advocate for the environment, Gore presents a wide array of facts and information in a thoughtful and compelling way. We will write a custom essay sample on An Inconvenient Truth Summary 3 – Essay – Deng1993 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Al Gore strips his presentations of politics, laying out the facts for the audience to draw their own conclusions in a charming, funny and engaging style, and by the end has everyone on the edge of their seats, gripped by his haunting message,† said Guggenheim. An Inconvenient Truth is not a story of despair but rather a rallying cry to protect the one earth we all share. â€Å"It is now clear that we face a deepening global climate crisis that requires us to act boldly, quickly, and wisely,† said Gore. Written by  Plantation Productions e host, was the vice president of the USA in the Clinton administration. He has been interested in climate change issues since grade school and has continued to take  interest  in this subject as a politician. In this documentary, he highlights some very important points regarding global warming in his discussion. We will take a look at some of these. Some very important effects include illustrations of the impact ofglobal warming. He does this by first pointing out the relationship between the amount of carbon in the atmosphere and the corresponding temperature over a 650,000 years period. For example, he indicated some pictures of the ice melted in big Mountain in Africa called Kilimanjaro. He also talked about the increase of the ocean Temperature that guided to many Hurricanes and Tornadoes. To clarify, Florida in US got a very bad hurricane in September 2004 and that called Ivan. Then he focused on the Sea levels which are rising because of the amount of ice melting in the Arctic Sea and ice shelves by 1. 5 million km2 during the last forty years. For instance, Ice caps melts as the the temperature of water raise and these can destroyed the ice species. Finally, He also mentioned that many people have died in different parts of the world because of high temperatures and heat waves. For example, the temperature in India raised and about 1400 people died in 2003. The extinction rate of many species is increasing and more than 30 diseases have appeared To sum up, Al Gore says that although the situation regarding global warming appears dire, he does speak fervently looking forward to the future with hope. His presentation concludes with parting nuggets of practical advice as to how man can play a role in curbing climate change. Posted by  J Al Gore, the one who was going to be the next president of the United States of America has dedicated his life to let the people around the world to be aware of the problem which threat life on the earth. In the next lines I’m going to outline a brief summary about his movie â€Å"An inconvenient truth†. Global warming  is the catastrophe which threats life on earth. Al Gore explained how the atmosphere works; sun ray comes from the sun everyday then some of the rays stay inside the earth with the help of ozone layer to keep it warm. The crazy increase of carbon dioxide ratio has made the layer thicker so more rays are trapped more than we normally need. As a result, a lot of temperature changing can be seen around the world such as heat wave. Another problem the global warming is causing is that the ice is melting which is a very serious danger. The level of the sea, constructions and the weather itself all can be affected if the ice or permafrost starts to melt down because of the increasing of heat. At the end of his discussion, Al Gore confirmed that most of the scientists around the world agree that we are the main reason for the global warming. What will the future generation think of their parents if this problem gets more and more serious? Posted by  Khalid How to cite An Inconvenient Truth Summary 3 – Essay – Deng1993, Essay examples

Asch Study Research Paper free essay sample

Solomon Asch finally conducted the experiment in 1951 on a group of male participants. Asch created two cards, the first card had a line that the participants had to match up with another line on the second card, this card had three lines that the participants could choose from. Asch first gathered eight confederates, â€Å"actors posing as participants† (Pastorino, 512). All eight of these confederates where told to purposely say the obvious wrong answer. So asch took eight confederates and one participant and asked them which line on the second card was the same length as the line on the first card. The confederates went first so that the participant could hear their answer. After the confederates said their answer the participant was then supposed to give his answer. Seventy-four percent of the time the participant would conform to the confederates answer. Through this experiment Asch found immense information. Those who conformed first obviously showed disbelief, even with all the disbelief they still conformed. We will write a custom essay sample on Asch Study Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Almost three quarters of the people put under the group pressure conformed to the obvious false answer. In psychology this is the Asch Effect. The Asch Effect is â€Å"the influence of a group majority on the judgements of an individual† (Zimbardo, 571). Although the majority of the participants conformed to obvious wrong answer, there were some that stuck with their own beliefs. These people are called Heroes, â€Å"Heroes are people who are able to resist situational forces that overwhelm their peers and remain true to their personal values† (Zimbardo, 572). These type of people challenge the corrupt society and don’t go with the groups beliefs. As well as Heroes, there are Independents who may fall in disbelief of the others, but still go along with their own answers. Solomon Asch created a study to test the powers of conformity by designing a test consisted of line to find research and information needed when learning about conformity. Conformity is when someone adopts a group’s behavior, attitudes, and opinions just to fit in. There were many people who conformed to Asch’s study. Seventy-four percent of the participants put into the study conformed to the group’s false answers. Although the majority conformed there were other that didn’t conform to the answers of the group, these people were the Heroes and the Individuals. In conclusion the majority of the people put into this study conformed to the group’s answers. Panarchy. Solomon Asch : Opinions and Social Pressure (1955). Panarchy Panarchie Panarchia Panarquia. 2001-2010. Web. 16 Jan. 2011. lt;http://www. panarchy. org/asch/social. pressure. 1955. htmlgt;. Pastorino, Ellen, and Susann Doyle-Portillo. What Is Psychology? Australia: Thomson Wadsworth, 2009. Print. Zimbardo, Philip G. Psychology: AP* Edition with Discovery Psychology. Boston, MA: Allyn amp; Bacon, 2010. Print.

Personality Theory Person Analysis free essay sample

The client I chose, George Costanza, showed me many behaviors and characteristics that I could use to explain and assess his personality. I observed him five times and decided that the best theory to describe his personality was the Psychoanalytic Social Theory by Horney. This theory focuses on anxiety and neurosis, both of which I believe George experiences a great deal of. Horneys theory argues that childhood and parental indifference is the main cause of neurosis in adulthood. George Costanza displays almost of all the neurotic needs which categorize neurosis and are used to fight the anxiety he feels. To start, Horney says that personality development is largely based on the amount and form of parental involvement. In one of my observations, George called his mother to tell her that he had gotten engaged. She asked to speak to his fiance, Susan, and immediately said â€Å"May I ask why? †, when Susan claimed her love for George. We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Theory Person Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Georges father, also unsupportive, asked George if his fiance was even a woman. This is just one example of how George doesnt feel warmth and love from his parents. In my other observations, when George is in the presence of his parents, there is constant bickering, fighting and arguing. I would assume that, throughout Georges childhood, he had an unsupportive, cold childhood that did not allow him to feel wanted. Horneys theory states that if a person doesnt have their needs met as a child, this will lead to basic hostility which, in turn, leads to basic anxiety. Neurotic adults try to combat anxiety by imploring different types of neurotic needs. In one of my observations, George broke up with his girlfriend because she beat him in a simple game of chess. When Jerry asked him why he did this, George claims that he wouldnt be able to perform sexually in front of her now. In another observation, George is expecting an apology from an old friend who is on step 9 in Alcoholics Anonymous. Although, all of his friends get apologies, George still does not. This angers him greatly and he shows up at this mans job and loudly demands an apology that is not sarcastic and actually includes the word â€Å"sorry† in it. In both of these examples, George is displaying his need for power and control over others. This is just one of the neurotic needs displayed in Georges behaviors to fight anxiety. George also illustrates a great need for approval and affection. After George broke up with the girlfriend that beat him in chess, his best friend, Jerry, ponders why they break up with women for silly reasons. Together, they decide that theyre going to change their lives and attitudes towards women. George sits by the beach, alone, and sadly stares at all the happy couples he sees. At this point, he has a deep need for affection. Immediately after, he runs to Susans (a woman he knows) apartment and proposes at her door step. It seemed that his need for affection had been met. However, the next day Jerry tells George that he broke up with his current girlfriend. George is visibly hurt by this because together they had decided to make commitments to women. George also asks Jerry if he thinks Susan is good looking. George is desperately seeking approval from his best friend and feels isolated without it. At the end of this observation, George mopes out of Jerrys apartment with his need for approval not met. In my observations, I noticed a strong need for George to use others for his own benefit and exploit others to make life easier for himself. For example, George had to give a lecture on risk management for work. This required him reading a text book on the subject, except he didnt want to read it, he wanted to listen to it on tape. Although he thought they didnt make textbooks on tape, he finds out that blind people can get anything made on tape. He deliberately fails an eye test to be able to gain access to the textbook on tape. Not only does he display his neurotic need to exploit others, he also displays the need for social recognition and prestige at his job. In another observation, George is seen again exploiting others in order to fight his own anxiety. George is hoping to get a new apartment but the tenants board will be giving it to a man that survived a boat wreck about 50 years ago. The tenant board decided to hear both of their stories to decide whose was more tragic. George makes up a completely false story about a terrible life he had as a child. Although, Georges parents werent warm and affectionate at all, George makes up extravagant lies in order to get this apartment. In the end, George does not get the place, making his attempt at exploiting someone unsuccessful and creating additional anxiety. In general, I would say that George deals with his anxiety in a compliant way. He usually goes along with others, which is deepened by his need for approval and acceptance. When George began to date a woman, whom his friends said looked like Jerry, he panicked and broke up with her because of his friends jokes and thoughts. Georges compliant personality is also exemplified in the situation where Jerry and George decide to commit to women. George only adapted this new attitude because Jerry suggested it and encouraged it. However, the need for exploitation and social recognition follow the pattern of an aggressive personality. In both ways, neurotic needs are displayed and dealt with through Georges life. George Costanzas childhood was a typical environment for a neurotic adult to have been raised. His parents lacked warmth and understand as they constantly fought and whined at each other. Because of this, George developed basic anxiety and has to use ways to protect himself from feelings of isolation. Horneys neurotic needs are obvious in Georges actions and thoughts, which would be the main way I would assess Georges issues. Displaying these neurotic needs, according to Horney, would constitute George as a person having neurosis. George uses these needs to defend himself and make himself feel wanted. I would currently recommend more counseling because George is clearly still neurotic and his neurotic needs are interfering with, what could be, a happy, satisfying life.

Critically analyse the ruling of the House of Lords in Howe [1987] 1 AC 417 that duress is not a defence to murder. The WritePass Journal

Critically analyse the ruling of the House of Lords in Howe [1987] 1 AC 417 that duress is not a defence to murder. Introduction Critically analyse the ruling of the House of Lords in Howe [1987] 1 AC 417 that duress is not a defence to murder. IntroductionMain BodyConclusionBibliography Related Introduction It will be critically analysed in this study whether the ruling of the House of Lords in Howe [1987] 1 AC 417 was acceptable and whether the notion that duress is not a defence to murder should continue to apply. Various academic opinion will be analysed and a review as to whether some change ought to be made will be considered. Thus, it will be demonstrated that although duress should not be a complete defence to murder, it should be a partial defence as there are some situations which lead to injustice on the basis that this defence is not available to them.[1] Main Body Duress is a common law defence that seeks to protect individuals that have been forced or compelled to commit a crime. The defence of duress provides an exception to the rule that a person shall be held responsible for any crimes they commit on the basis that they had not done so voluntarily. As the defence is open to abuse, caution needs to be taken by the Courts when allowing the defence to be submitted. Accordingly, restrictions are needed to ensure that the level of threat the defendant has been subjected to is not menial. Hence, as noted by Spain; the defence of duress fails to recognise the reality that one will not need to be subjected to a specific type or level of threat for ones will to be overborne.[2] Furthermore, it is also important that the crime is not disproportionate to the threat in order for this defence to prove successful. This will prevent an abuse of the defence from occurring as individuals will not be able to take advantage of the defence in all circumstance s. An example of this can be seen in relation to murder where the defence of duress is not generally accepted by the Courts. This is because, it is difficult to persuade the Court that a person has been forced or compelled into committing a crime when the harm that has been caused, is greater than the harm that has been threated. In deciding whether a defendant can use this defence, nonetheless, the Courts will have to use the proportionality test, which is both subjective and objective. In R v Howe[3] it was held that a jury should consider whether; a) the defendant acted in this way because he honestly believed that his life was in immediate danger; and b) a reasonable person of the same characteristics of the defendant would have acted in the same way. Here, it was, nonetheless, found that duress could not be a defence to murder. This decision has been the subject of much controversy over the years with conflicting views as to whether the defence of duress should in fact apply to mur der.[4] On the one hand, it is believed by Shankland that duress should serve as a valid defence to murder on the basis that a murder which has been committed as a result of duress should be distinguished from a murder that was pre-meditated.[5] On the other hand, it was said by Toczek that defendants should not be able to rely upon the duress defence for murder as this could not be deemed a reasonable belief as required by the Court in Howe.[6] Accordingly, it would be difficult to establish that a persons belief to commit murder was reasonable on the basis that they were subjected to duress. The Court in the more recent case of R v Hasan[7] agreed with the Howe decision and made it even more difficult for the defence of duress to be successfully raised in all criminal cases. Here, it was argued that rather than merely finding that the defendant had a reasonable belief, it must be shown that they had an actual belief in the efficacy of the threat which compelled the defendant to commit the act. Arguably, it became apparent from this decision that rather than defendants demonstrating that they had a reasonable belief, they are now required to show that the reasonable belief was also a genuine one. The Law Commission have also expressed their concerns as to whether duress should apply to murder and have considered including duress as a partial defence to murder.[8] This would mean that first degree murder could be reduced to second degree murder, whilst second degree murder could be reduced to manslaughter. Whilst this would provide some protection to those individuals who have genuinely feared for their own or families life in committing the crime, it would prevent the scope being broadened too far. Accordingly, it has been said that moral involuntariness should be excused and that regardless as to what crime the defendant had committed, duress should be capable of being used as a defence.[9] Hence, it is said that the defendants fear or lack of courage should be given due c onsideration as these are central to the rational of the defendant. Conclusion Overall, it is evident that there are mixed opinions as to whether duress should be used as a defence to murder, yet whether this would broaden the scope too far is likely. This is because the defence would most likely be open to abuse if it could be used in circumstances such as this. Individuals would be capable of demonstrating that they had been subjected to duress in order to escape criminal liability for murder. This would be unjust in many situations as it cannot be said that the life of a human being is proportionate to a threat that has been made. Nevertheless, in order to ensure that complete liability is not imposed upon defendants in circumstances where they genuinely feared for their life, it could be said that duress should be used as a partial defence to murder. This would prevent defendants from completely escaping liability, yet it would provide the Courts with some leeway when considering certain cases that would require a defence, such as domestic violence victims. Bibliography Books E Spain., The Role of Emotions in Criminal Law Defences: Duress, Necessity and Lesser Evils, (Cambridge University Press, 2011). The Law Commission., Murder, Manslaughter and Infanticide: Project 6 of the Ninth Programme of Law Reform; Homicide, (The Stationary Office, 2006). Journals G Williams., Necessity: Duress of Circumstances or Moral Involuntariness? Common Law World Review, Volume 43, Issue 1, 1. L Toczek., A Case of Duress The New Law Journal, Volume 155, Issue 7173, 612. M Sorarajah., Duress and Murder in Commonwealth Criminal Law (1981) The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Volume 30, No 3, 660-661. R Shankland., Duress and the Underlying Felony (2009) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Volume 99, Issue 1227. Cases R v Hasan [2005] UKHL 22 R v Howe [1987] 1 AC 417

America Gets VERY Involved Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

America Gets VERY Involved - Essay Example The Buddhist crisis was a result of the repressive reforms of the President Diem in South Vietnam. The reforms were majorly against the likes of the Buddhists, who constituted the majority of the population. Until 1963, the Buddhists resisted themselves from any rebellious demonstrations as a reaction to the disliked Diem rule. However, in May 1963, this patience came to a revolutionary end, when the Diem forbade the celebration of the Buddha’s birthday by religious banners or flags. On May 8, in the city of Hue, Buddhist leaders went against this order and continued their celebrations. This led to a conflict between the Diem army and the Buddhist monks leading to an open fire demonstration that resulted in the killing of nine people and fourteen people became wounded (Brune & Burns 2003). This event was precipitated as a result of the oppressive reforms and rule of President Diem and the event was significant in showing to the world the disdain and dislike his own people had for him. The Buddhist revolt gave evidence of the immense lack of support that Diem had in his own country (Brune & Burns 2003). Another significant turning point in the Buddhist crisis was on June 11. On a busy intersection of Saigon, a monk, Thich Quang Duc poured himself with gasoline and set himself on fire only to express his contempt for Diem. The American media captured this incident immediately and the photographs of the self-immolation became the highlights in not just United States but all around the world. These horrendous pictures of a monk on fire led to a wave of criticism and immediate action. The American policies were criticized for supporting Diem who was oppressive in his handling of religious matters. The American government on the other hand, realized the deficiencies in Diem ’s presidency, and forced him to withhold his strict limitations (Moss 2009). The Buddhist revolts were a

The religious culture of the Yami Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The religious culture of the Yami - Essay Example The â€Å"Legend of Imulud† demonstrates explains why bamboo, fish, iron, and silver are considered by the people of the Yami tribe to be of great importance. Silver which is assumed to have been discovered by the Son of Bamboo, is frequently used by the Yami for purposes such as ornamentation of helmets for ancestral ceremonies as well as when performing religious rites. On the other hand, Iron, which is alleged to have been discovered by son of Stone, is considered insignificant. The myth demonstrates the importance of Bamboo. Yami as well as many Asian cultures use bamboo for several purposes such as a delicacy for many households. The creation story depicts a harmonious association between the Yami and the fish. This is because the Yami value maline food. Therefore, the Yami culture is greatly embedded in the Yami creation myth. Therefore, the â€Å"Legend of Imulud† is crucial in explaining the creation of man as well as clarifying the social mores observed by the Yami society. The â€Å"Legend of Imulud† clearly explains the history of the Yami and the reasons why they respect certain objects. However, it fails to explain the Yami cosmology. By this, I mean that the concept of how the gods came into being is lacking. However, the myth is quite similar to the creation story in the bible, which also fails to explain the origin of God. Therefore, the myth demonstrates that not everything can be explained (Yami Culture Web). The Belief System The Yami belief system comprises of cosmogony that is considered as underdeveloped. However, some researchers argue that the cosmogony could have been developed but has regressed. The belief system is based on belief in aspects such as demons. However, the belief has some features that are reflective of Christianity practiced by denominations such as Protestants and Catholics. The Yami describe a pantheon comprising of numerous divine layers inhabited by different deities. The firs layer is considered the habitat for the main god who is referred to as Simo-Rapao. This god is considered in charge of all other gods. The other gods are supposed to report to him on all matters regarding the Irala people. Ayami myth claims that Simo-Rapao was responsible of creating the first two people. As aforementioned, the first two people were created from stone and bamboo. Simo-Rapao follows instructions from other gods and punishes wrongdoers as advised by the other gods. The pun ishments could be in terms of calamities that are capable of affecting the entire tribe. The second layer in inhabited by Sio-Mima, who is considered in charge of the world comprising of islands of Japan, America, Formosa, Ivatan. Si-Toriao is considered the occupant of the third layer. He is responsible of bringing rain as well as lightning. Si-Lovolovoin is considered the messenger of the gods. The Yami invoke Si-Lovolovoin in their chants especially during the fishing season when the natives request for plenty of flying fish (Leeming 278; Kuang web). Other gods such as Si-Videy and Si-Pariod occupy the lowest layer. The Yami myth claims that these two gods plenty of yams and taro and leave the people with very little food to survive on. When caterpillar invade the Yami territory, they blame it on Si-Videy and Si-Pariod. Pina-Langalangao and Sinan-Maniray are two female supernatural being that the Yami believe in. Although the two female gods are not considered part of the deities , the Yami believe that the two control the birth as well as the lifetime of the humans. According the Yima, the two female supernatural entities crack a coconut during birth and measure the juice that outpours. Additionally, the entities can assess the water-containing capacity and use it to determine the lifetime of an

Entrepreneurship-Creating a Business Opportunity Assignment

Entrepreneurship-Creating a Business Opportunity - Assignment Example Finally, the study will be concluded with the managerial capabilities required to manage the business in the production of PVC chemical by the author of the study. Polyvinyl chloride also known as PVC is highly used for its application in the construction business and is manufactured by polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer, which is used in the reactor and then condensed from the reactor so that gases are emitted. The PVC production is one of the most profitable businesses and is regarded as a significant contributor in the economy. The importance of PVC production increases with the growth in the construction industry and is widely used for manufacture of plastics. The worldwide PVC production is one of the most important businesses in the world economy, which requires the manufacture of polyolefins polypropylene and polyethylene. These business products have a large number of market shares, which includes high quality processing and production of plastics in bulk quantity (Vox, 2008). My company is already proficient in manufacturing high quality PVC chemical in South Korea and has been distributing the chemical to major medium and large sized enterprise of South Korea. It plans to expand further in Mumbai due to its easy availability of manufacturing sub parts, raw materials, and machinery and varied other materials. The major objective of my company would be to introduce my chemical in the Mumbai markets through innovation capabilities. It would be ensured that the chemical product would be highly compatible with the operational facilities and also with business environment of Mumbai. The market potential for the PVC chemical in India is quite high and is required mainly for water supply, tube well and land drainage schemes. The corrugated pipes are ideal for the drainage system of Mumbai and the requirement

Distributed Information System Medical Lab Service Information Technology Essay

Distributed Information System Medical Lab Service Information Technology Essay Online booking system has become a common trend now days in business organisations. With the coming of the internet everything is just a click away. As the Private medical care service provider began its quest for the development of a laboratory test, diagnoses and treatment services that would be used to serve over 100 outlets across the UK, it becomes every web developer responsibility to deal with the challenges and this challenge still goes on. As developer took on the task, it created a platform for other and its from those existing system that new development are based. The distributed health care system should be designed in a way that guarantees the security of the users data and it should be designed in the most user friendly way possible, putting in consideration all the accessibility requirements. 1. Introduction Information Technology has created a new domain for business to excel. It has opened many horizons for companies which are looking for better ways to impress their customers. Not only that it has given many options to the firms and helps them in their daily routine tasks. No wonder it is playing a vital role in development of the firm. Research and Development for any firm is very important for future. Let it be long term planning or short term I.T has helped in many ways for example minimising risks, calculating costs, estimating future trends and so on. 1.2-Tier Architecture Technology is dynamic as it changes day by day making business world easier to survive with excellent management. 3-Tier Architecture is one of the modern technology three way interactions in client /server environment. This architecture was generated to overcome the problems of 2-tier architecture. This consists of three essential components as shown in the figure. Fig: 3-tier Architecture (Source: www.cardisoft.eu//3_tier_architecture.jpg, Accessed on 04/06/2011) Client Tier: This is the layer where the users interact with the system. So this is the user interface which is stored in client server. This layer sends the data to application server and gets the result back from there. An Application Tier This server consist of two layers i.e. Business layer and data access layer. This is the main layer which process the data received from client server and also interacts with database server. Data Tier All the data are stored in database server which can be retrieve at any time. This layer takes the command from application server and gives the required data back. 2. Overview The vast development and empowering of todays knowledge in all sectors of our modern life is improving satisfaction, comfort and reliability. There are remarkable effects entering in our medical service sector that make the patients and doctors relationship more satisfactory and exciting. However, patients and Medical care Service often struggle with disagreeing views about the Laboratory testing system and adoption of proper communication and appointment procedures. Patients look for technological advances to improve the quality and outcomes of medical care system. In new developed system, with the help of emerging web techniques and technologies the Medical Care Service turn into a great improvement by reducing early days delay and difficulty. In the online system, Administrative staff can track patients, staff and can book appointment for patient. Doctors will be able to access patient information, their medical history and would be able to arrange for lab testing laboratory staff member will be able to track only sample which is belonged with a patient. 2.1 Scope of project. The main aim of the project is to create a patients test booking system and manage doctors and staff member detail that is more efficient and easy to use for all. The project also aims at ensuring reliability in the medical booking systems so that in the near future the members of the public as well as the health workers find communication between the two parties easy and secure and time saving. By secure we mean a reasonable level of data protection. 2.2 Aims and objective. In order to hit the set target for this project aims and objectives were set and this included: Develop a login facility to access details and information easily. Create an online interactive system between patients and Health Care Provider for quicker response (such as fixing online appointment). To design UML Deployment diagram of the system architecture To design Use Case Diagram of the system To design ERD of the backend database To design Class Diagram of the system To implement the 3-tier Architecture and design the prototypes 2.3 Purpose of the Project After this project, Medical Care Service will have a efficient appointment system for their patients. Following are the advantages in implementing 3-tier Architecture. Development Issues: Complex application rules are easy to implement in application server. Business logic off-loaded from database server and client, which makes performance excellent. Changes to business logic automatically requested by server changes require only new application server software to be installed. Application server logic is suitable to other database server platforms by virtue of the application software. Performance: 3-Tier Architecture gives superior performance for medium to high volume environments 2. Business Key Requirement Analysis The main requirement for Medical care Service provider is to overcome with the problem of Traditional database system. So the aim of the project is to develop Web Base applications and implement 3-tier architecture system. There are three separate interfaces with different functions for different users. Administrator Administrator can: Login to the system using login form. Track Patients Enter Staff Information Book Appointment for Patients Doctors Doctors can: Login the system. Access Patients Information Access Patients Medical history Arrange for Lab testing Laboratory Staff Login the system Track Sample (Associated with Patients) 3. Model Used for System Development There are different types of methodology for the development of system such as Waterfall Model, Spiral Model, Prototyping Model, and Rapid Application Development. Among them Prototyping Model was selected for the purposed system. 3.1 Prototyping Model In this model, the problems of the existing system are defined. The requirements are break down into different parts. For each requirement different prototypes are designed and tested separately. If the systems do not give the expected output, then again different actions are taken to construct the system. 4. Feasibility Study The study involves a complete research for the project; it looks at some of the features that could be translated into reality. This stage helps project developers to know accurately they can deal with the process. It is therefore a critical phase which requires a detailed study be carried out. Feasibility study is the initial study undertaken before the actual project begins to highlight the possibility of the project success. It is an analysis of possible options and solutions to problems and provides suggestions on the best alternative. 4.1 Technical Feasibility The project Medical Care Service runs on any windows system as well as in World Wide Web. Many organizations use the web server because it is a common and very user-friendly interface to develop ASP.net enabled programs in the Internet. The necessary technologies needed to run this project are available without any new software to be installed. The software ASP.net and Microsoft Access which is commonly available and widely popular software existing in the market. It comes with features to access the Internet in an efficient approach. Thus, by using this all the modules are able to perform the tasks required. The task is to produce a product that reflects the user mind. 4.2 Operational Feasibility Operational feasibility is the measure of how well the explanation of problems will work in the organisation and also determine how people feel about the system project. In this area particularly, problems within the login areas and security validations that were sighted, A project is therefore said to be operationally feasible if it achieves the needs and expectations of end users. User acceptance is a key determinant of operational feasibility. This project does not require any special memory or enhanced features in the system in order to run. Instead it will consume less memory and will operate efficiently even under normal speed. 4.3 Economic Feasibility Economic feasibility is the measure of the cost-effectiveness of an information system solution. Regarding economic feasibility, the project is a less expensive one. As a whole, the project does not demand any special feature. It makes use of the available resources and provides a better performance in convinced areas. 5. Languages Used for System Development In this phase, the required hardware, software and people required for the project are selected. The following software is used for designing. 5.1 Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 (ASP.net) Microsoft visual studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft which can be used to develop console and graphical user interface applications along with Windows Forms applications, web sites, web applications, and web services. Visual Studio 2008 was upgraded to support all the new features introduced in .NET Framework 2.0, including generics and ASP.NET 2.0. The IntelliSense feature in Visual Studio was upgraded for generics and new project types were added to support ASP.NET web services. Visual Studio 2005 also includes a local web server, separate from IIS that can be used to host ASP.NET applications during development and testing. It also supports all SQL Server 2005 databases. Other new features of Visual Studio 2005 include the Deployment Designer which allows application designs to be validated before deployments, an improved environment for web publishing when combined with ASP.NET 2.0 and load testing to see application performance under various sorts of user loads. This is used in this project for the presentation tier to design the interfaces for window applications. 5.2 VB.NET Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET) is an object-oriented computer programming language that can be viewed as an evolution of Microsofts Visual Basic (VB) which is generally implemented on the Microsoft .NET Framework. Microsoft currently supplies Visual Basic Express Edition free of charge. This language is used for coding of the main functions and process in this project. This is used for the presentation tier. 5.3 UML Diagrams UML stands for Unified Modelling Language which is used in the business logic layer in middle tier of 3-tier Architecture. This is specially designed for developers to see the system in different perspective view. There are different types of UML Diagrams such as use case diagram, class diagram, sequence diagram, deployment diagram. Among them following UML Diagrams are used for this project. Use Case diagram to show how the users interact with system Class Diagram forms class structure and contents using design elements such as classes, packages and objects. It also displays relationships such as containment, inheritance, associations, generalization, etc. Deployment Diagram to show the interaction between the components that is relation between hardware and software. This diagram shows the physical architecture of the system. 5.4 MS Access 2007 MS Access is the database application for Windows, included in Microsoft Office suite which is used to store the data in tables form. MS Access offers many templates which makes easy to use. Many big and small organizations use this software for database server in order to store the data in standard tabulation form and retrieve as required. In this project, this program is used to store the data in the database server. 6. Designing the System The purpose of design phase is to transform the business requirements statement from the requirements analysis phase into design specifications for construction. For this purpose, design phase encompasses following tasks: Design the Application Architecture Design the System Database Design System Interface 6.1 Design the Application Architecture For the design of system architecture the UML diagrams such as Use Case Diagram, UML Deployment Diagram and Class Diagrams are used. 6.2 System Architecture Design Clients IIS 5 . 0 Server Business Logic Components VB .net Library Data Access via ADO . NET Middle Tier CLR MCS Database Ms Access 2007 Server ASP . NET 7. Use Case Diagram for Medical Lab Service 8. Design the System Database To design the database of the system, the E-R diagram is prepared at first. Then, the database structure is prepared in the MS Access. 8.1 Entity Relationship Diagram ERD stands for Entity Relationship Diagram.  Ã‚  It is one of the most important analysis diagrams for designing a database which summarise the whole structure of database.  Ã‚   In relational databases, the data is split up into tables instead of writing it all out in a single line or record.  Ã‚  This removes some of the problems often encountered in building a database.  Ã‚  The tables are linked together by  the primary key of one table being present as what is called a foreign key in another table. For National Car Parts Retail, the database system main content following AdminLogin Branch DoctorsDetails PatientDetails PatientVisitDetail ReportStatus StaffDetails ERD Diagram StaffDesignation StaffGender Login userName Id Password Type createDate Patients PatientName PatientId MaritalStatus PatientDOB PatientHistory PatientAddress PatientPhone TestType PatientGender PatientBookingDate StaffDOB BranchFax BranchPhonedress BranchName Has BranchId Branch Has VisitDetail PatientvisitID DoctorsId TestDate PatientId Arrange Test DoctorDetails DoctorsName DoctorsId DoctorsGender DoctorsAddress DoctorsSpecial DoctorsPhone Booking Has StaffPhone Id StaffAddress StaffId StaffName Staff Details Postcode BranchAddress The above diagram is entity relationship diagram for Medical Lab Service explaining the relationship between the entities and their attributes. The attributes shown in the diagram are their primary keys. 9. Database Structure The database was designed using MS Access with the name Medical.mdb List of the various tables and their descriptions are as follows: S. No. Table Name Description 1 AdminLogin Store Login information 2 Branch Store Medical Lab Branches details 3 DoctorsDetails Store Doctors information 4 PatientDetails Store Patients booking details 5 PatientVisitDetail Store Patients Visit Detail For Medical Test 6 ReportStatus Store Patients Report Status 7 StaffDetails Store Lab Staff details Below is the more detail of database structure. Branch Table Name Data Type Size Nulls? Default Value Extra BranchId Number Long Int No BranchName Text 30 No BranchAddress Text 50 No PostCode Text 20 No BranchPhone Text 20 No BranchFax Text 20 For more detail refer to appendix Medical 9.1 Design the System Interface This is the Index page of the Web Based system for Medical Lab Service where the user logins and does other processing. This is the Medical Lab Service index page from where user can process further. For more prototypes refer to appendix prototypes 10. Coding Coding should be done according to design specifications in order to meet business requirements. VB.NET was used as the server-side script. Including entire code of the system would make the system unnecessarily lengthy. Hence I have included code of some important functionality and presented a brief explanation. 11. Implementation and Testing of System As I mentioned before this is the web based application so the other Medical Lab Branch can be accessed this System through internet. When the system gave expected result then it was implemented to the entire branch and old traditional system was completely removed. The list below is the test plan for the system. Login Add/Update/Delete Branch Detail (Admin) Add/Update Delete Patients Booking (Admin) Add/Update Delete Doctors Details (Admin) Add/Update Delete Staff Details (Admin) Add/Update Delete Test Arrangement (Doctors) Add/Update Delete Report Details (Lab Staff) Searching from Admin(Branch, Doctors, Patients, Lab Staff) Searching from Doctor (Patients History, Test Details) Searching from Lab Staff (Search Report Status) 12. User Documentation After the completion of the whole project the final user document was prepared which content all the information of the system. The user guide was prepared and different training was given to employees of the Medical Lab Service so that they can be familiar with the new system. 13. Conclusion This report is prepared as the System documentation for Web Based Application Designing for a Medical Lab Service. This project provided me with good professional practice in applying our knowledge of Information Systems to address business problems. During this endeavour, I learned to write a suite of programs that encompass the main facets of business computing. I was able to obtain an in-depth knowledge of a formal coding language. I have been able to produce relevant documentation in support of the developed system. With the preparation of the projects, I have learned the efforts time required to prepare a professional system. I gained knowledge about different phases methodology of a project, which supports both the system development operation and support stages of the system life cycle. Hence with the development of this system, I understood the real need and value of having 3-tier Architecture System. I learnt that coding is only small part of system development and that greater effort should be placed in understanding the business requirements. Understanding business need is a challenge and getting application built to suit it is a whole lot another field by it self 14. References Reference Books Jeffrey L. Whitten, Lonnie D. Bentley, Kevin C. Dittman, Systems Analysis and Design Methods, Fifth Edition Roger S. Pressman, Ph.D., Software Engineering A Practitioners Approach, Fifth Edition Visual Studio 2008 Professional (ASP.Net)

Essay --

William Shakespeare's "Sonnet 18" has been a remarkably famous love poem from the time it was written. This sonnet is pure exaggeration of Shakespeare's feelings towards his beloved and his beauty and is expressed through various language techniques and strong language. It has a powerful theme of love and immortalization of the subject in this sonnet. The sonnet begins with rhetorical question where the poet uses a metaphor to ask "shall I compare thee to a summers day?" the rhetorical question directs the attention of the reader. The effect of the metaphor, shows how the poet thought of comparing the subject to a summers day, but then rejects the comparison because the poet feels much strongly about the beloved to compare him to something with as flawed as summer. The readers can interpret through the language and form that the poet is obviously in love with the subject as he continuously deteriorates summer to prove the perfectness of his beloved. The tone of the poem dramatically changes in the third quatrain. The poet no longer compares his beloved to a summers day, instead he signifies the importance of his beauty and youth. The poet metaphorically says "but thy eternal summer shall not fade". Summer can never be eternal, but the metaphor expresses the poets feelings towards the subject by saying that the subject shall be eternally beautiful. The beloved is eternalized further, as the poet says " When in eternal lines to time thou growest", immortalizing his love within the lines of this sonnet. The sonnet is also concluded by a metaphorical rhyming couplet. "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee" evidently shows that the sonnet is meant to preserve the beauty of the youn... ... be seen that powerful and concentrated language was used several times in both poems. The language techniques such as imagery, personification, and metaphors which create an image for the reader and give them an understanding about the poem. They also express the poets intentions and feelings about their love for their loved ones. Shakespeare's "sonnet 18" used various language techniques and strong language to exaggerate the comparison of his beloved to a summers day and also sustain his beauty. "Funeral Blues" by W H Auden, also uses strong language and literary devices to create a visual and aural imagery for the reader. The use of the powerful and concentrated language and literary devices, in poetry allows readers to sympathize with the poet understand love being expressed in an intricate way. Hence, it can be seen that poetry is the perfect vehicle for love.

Literary comparison of ballantyne’s coral island

This is to compare R.M. Ballantyne’s Coral Island with William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. Both novels situate their characters isolated in an island removed from society and with no adult supervision, thus leaving them to fend for themselves. Without the rules and order of society and civilization, the boys return to their state of nature – however, Ballantyne and Golding have differing views on what that is. Ballantyne’s boys retain their values and behave accordingly to the rules of society, whereas Golding’s boys struggle with their savage primal instinct and the tendency to be primitive and evil. In the end though, Ballantyne and Golding both explore the problem of evil and how their characters struggle with it. THESIS: Lord of the Flies and Coral Island depict how Man will act according to his instincts when he is isolated from society and in doing so show how their characters mature as they face the problem of evil. FIRST POINT: In both books, the boys are stranded in an isolated island and are left to fend for themselves without adult supervision. Coral Island: Ralph, aged 15, Jack, aged 18, and Peterkin, aged 14, find themselves shipwrecked in a deserted island in the Pacific. They build shelters, make fire, gather fruits, build boats and explore the island and nearby islands as well. Lord of the Flies: After a plane crash, Ralph, Piggy, Jack, Roger, Simon, twins Sam and Eric, and a group of boys of varying ages with the youngest ones as young as six or seven, are stranded in the island. The oldest in the group are Ralph and Jack, both twelve years old. They elect Ralph as leader, and set rules on building shelters and fire, and hunting for food. –  Ã‚   both sets of boys are stranded in an island left to fend for themselves –  Ã‚   in Coral Island, the three boys are friends, and have reached their adolescence as compared to the boys in Lord of the Flies, who can still be considered as children. The boys in Lord of the Flies are not necessarily friends but they went to the same school – they were thrown together in a situation and are forced to live together. SECOND POINT:   Both novels explore the problem of evil through the adventures of the boys. Coral Island: Readers follow the adventures of the boys, of their encounter with a shark, of their exploration of the island and Diamond Cave, their meeting with natives, Ralph’s journey with the pirates and his gallant rescue of the natives, Ralph’s reunion with his friends, and finally, their escape from death from the natives who have been converted to Christianity. Lord of the Flies: Readers follow the events in the island as brought about by the character’s actions and attitudes. The fire that swept half the forest was because of the boy’s irresponsibility, as was the fire’s burning out and thus missing to send a signal to a passing ship. Further, their character flaws stimulate the events in the island – Jack’s aggressive and belligerent behavior translated into a confident control of power and command over the weaker ones, and the fear and confusion in many of the boys made them susceptible into engaging into savage and primitive actions, letting go of reason and immersing in their primal instincts. Further, readers see that even the protagonists struggle with their principles, as Ralph and Piggy join in the ritual dance and even help kill Simon. –  Ã‚   Both sets of characters face the problem of evil. The boys in Coral Island face problem of evil from external forces – pirates, natives, the wild, and they face and fight against it when they come across it. Whereas in Lord of the Flies, the boys’ greatest enemy is themselves – the inherent evil that resides in them, the potential to be primitive and savage and to let go of reason, the fear and violence in them, that is the greatest battle that they face. The problem of evil is intrinsic – the boys struggle with the values that society taught them versus their instincts now that they found themselves in the wild with no supervision whatsoever. –  Ã‚   Thus, the isolation in the novels forces the characters to mature. In Coral Island, the boys were presented to behave accordingly, keeping their values intact and even able to Christianize natives. Thus, it shows that even without the controls imposed by society, Man in the state of nature will use his reason over his desires, and maintain order. On the other hand, in Lord of the Flies, the boys were presented indulging in their basic needs of placating their desires over fulfilling their responsibilities to ensure their being saved. The boys struggle with behaving as adults versus behaving like children, between using their reason and satisfying their thirst for hunting, between their morality and their rituals and tendency to be evil. In both novels, the characters had to act beyond their years and had to cope with their extraordinary situation. THIRD POINT: Both books end with returning to civilization, the three boys in Coral Island sail back to England while the boys in Lord of the Flies were found by a Naval officer who saw the fire set by Jack’s tribe. The end of both novels signals the coming of age of the characters, as they come into realization of what has happened to them. Coral Island: After all their adventures, the three boys go back home wiser and more mature because of the experiences that they have had. Lord of the Flies: The Naval officer thought that the boys were all fun and games at the island, but was surprised to find out that two boys have been killed. In a sense, these boys are no longer children – they have seen and participated in such violent acts, and have encountered their dark, evil sides. Upon seeing the Naval officer and asked what happened, the boys break down and cry, realizing what had become of them. Jack’s tribe have become blood-thirsty and completely savage, Piggy and Simon murdered, and Ralph reduced to a figurative pig, a prey running for his life from his former companions. Because of their experiences in the island, the boys matured and have grown wiser, knowing full well now what man is capable of. –  Ã‚   both sets of boys come out of their respective islands different and with a better understanding of themselves, although in Coral Island the boys were not tarnished with evil, while in Lord of the Flies the boys come to a realization of how brutal and inhuman they have behaved. –  Ã‚   Coral Island comes to an end with the boys’ going back to England, with all their little adventures resolved. Lord of the Flies ends with the boys’ crying and realization, and the fight between Ralph and Jack seemed to be over with the arrival of the officer and being rescued. CONCLUSION: Lord of the Flies and Coral Island depict two ways Man will act according to his instincts when he is isolated from society – Ballantyne shows that Man will uphold the values civilization taught him while Golding puts forward that Man will descend to savagery. By isolating the characters from society, Ballantyne and Golding effectively removed the boys from the controlling norms and standards that society imposes to shape the actions and behavior of men. Ballantyne pursues his story focusing on the events that happen to the characters and how they cope with these challenges, in the process showing that man is good and that he has the capacity to fight off evil from external factors. On the other hand, Golding’s story is driven by his characters’ emotions and motivations. The events happen in Lord of the Flies as a result of how the characters behave. The greatest challenge they had to face was in them: they needed to struggle with man’s tendency to descend to savagery and evil. At the end of each book, the boys are saved from the problem of surviving by themselves and are presented with the chance to return to society and civilization. Thus, from both books we garner that isolated from the controlling function of society and civilization, Man will fight for his survival, and behave accordingly. However, Man’s state of nature is debatable, the question of whether Man is innately good or evil is perennial, and at most the two books provide perspectives on how Man might behave stripped of society and civilization. For Ballantyne, this means that Man will use his innate goodness and reason, while Golding puts forward that Man will descend to savagery without the pillars of civilization. It seems that Golding’s portrayal of man’s state of nature is more realistic though, given that he presented younger boys much less exposed to society and dealt more with internal conflict and the crisis of survival, as compared to the adventures of Ballantyne’s characters. In the end, both reflected the attitudes and behavior of men during their time, and showed through their respective narrative how their characters grew and matured; how their way of thinking changed as they coped with the challenges of surviving by themselves.   

Medical Research on Animals Should be Forbidden by Law

Medical Research on Animals Should be Forbidden by Law Introduction Historically, humans have used other animal entities for testing potential foods and medicine in order to gain insight on what may be appropriate for them. The Early man tested herbs by allowing his domesticated animals to eat them to find out whether the herbs were poisonous or not.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Medical Research on Animals Should be Forbidden by Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He also allowed his domesticated animals such as dogs to drink water from streams before he drank incase the waters were contaminated or poisonous. Progress towards the modern day in vivo testing or animal testing traces its origin to this practice by the Early man. Throughout man’s existence, the path towards progress has wrought the need for testing of various elements concerned with humanity’s existence on other non-human animals, and the results subsequently used to gauge the suit ability of the tested substance on humans. Medical researches on animals, animal testing, animal experimentation or in-vivo testing involve the use of live and living animals for medical experiments whose results are used for man’s beneficial purposes. Many pharmaceutical firms, laboratories, farms, universities, medical schools and research centers breed animals of different species within their premises for experimentation purposes. Sometimes the animals used are captured from the wild and tested in the laboratories or customized environments depending on the purpose of a given experiment. Modern day animal testing occurs in the fields of biomedicine, psychiatry and genetics. There are scientists and organizations that are against animal testing arguing that, such tests in the medical field render progress retrogressive. Such criticism is based on the notion that most results on animals cannot be extrapolated to humans; thus, such research is not only time wasting and misle ading, but also unnecessarily cruel on animals, and should be outlawed. However, much of the bio-medical, behavioral medicine, and medical genetics breakthroughs of the past century have been achieved due to animal testing/experimentation, and as such animal experimentation in medicine is beneficial and critical for human well being and progress. Animal experimentation and bio-medical progress Many of vaccines for various diseases, which previously led to the deaths of a large number of people in societies, in the past, were developed after first being tried on animals to test their efficacy.Advertising Looking for research paper on health law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Presently, researchers all over the world are busy trying to develop vaccines for contemporary diseases such as Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) such as HIV/AIDs and even cancer (Levinson and Reiss 12). These vaccines and other possible cures, true to humanity’s predisposition, will first be tested on animals such as rats and guinea pigs. Vaccines developed in the past for diseases such as small pox, tetanus, polio and other such diseases, which caused the deaths and deformation of children in the past centuries, were developed after being rigorously tested on animals. Indeed, not only are these animal testing experiments necessary, but also highly critical for the continued sustenance of the human race. Researchers cannot simply begin trials on these vaccines on humans before intensive testing on animals shows their potential benefits when extended to humans. The vaccines are subsequently subjected to rigorous trials with a small sample human population and then depending on the results, are approved for use on the general population (Levinson and Reiss 15). Therefore, due to experimentation with animals, researchers were able to develop vaccines for disease such as small pox, polio, chicken pox an d other such diseases that would otherwise lead to much human death and suffering. The treatment of diabetes with insulin was developed through research on dogs, from which insulin was first isolated. Thus, without the benefit of testing the efficacy of the vaccines on animals to begin with, humans would continue to suffer and die, and such medical breakthroughs would be achieved after a much longer period. Presently, researchers are hard at work trying to develop a vaccine against cancer. Many trials on laboratory animals such as rats and guinea pigs are showing positive results, and thus with continued research a vaccine for one of modern day’s most devastating diseases may be found, and humanity will have made a significant medical breakthrough partly enabled by the legality and suitability of animal experimentation. Animal Experimentation and Progress in Behavioral medicine: Psychology and Psychiatry In the field of behavioral medicine, experimentation with animals has en abled for significance progress in the understanding of various mental states, mental diseases and other such psychological afflictions of humans. Through animal testing, behavioral scientists have been able to understand the mental functioning of the human brain, the stress triggers, pleasure points and other such weighty pointers that when properly understood by man can make him lead a more fulfilling and stress stressful life (Cunningham 20). Experiments with lab animals such as rats provided psychologists with insights on the importance for personal space in reducing the probability of stress in people. This given research showed that whenever rats were housed in cubes that offered little personal space for movement and general activity, their stress levels went up, and the stress levels reduced accordingly when researchers reduce the number of rats within a cube.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Medical Research on Animals Should be Forbidden b y Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A similar research with monkeys showed similar trends (Cunninghum19). This research lead to reforms in various places like offices, prisons, and classes, where officials concerned strived to create more space in order to reduce levels of stress in persons, in the various contexts mentioned. Psychologists have also used animals to study the activity of the brain trough scanning the brains of various animals. Various practiced behavioral concepts, such as reinforcement and reward for positive behavior, and punishment for negative behavior, especially as concerns raising human children, trace their origins in experimentation with animals. The famous Russian behavioral scientists Ivan Pavlov used dogs to explain the concept of classical conditioning, a seminal concept that enabled individuals to understand and explain their own behaviors and repetitive habits. Therefore, the field of behavioral sciences has made significant steps towards understanding the behavior of man due animal experimentation. Animal Experimentation in Medical Genetics In order to understand the human genetic arrangement, genetic diseases and conditions, scientists and researchers use animals, specifically the rat, whose genetic composition is most similar to that of man. Scientists have thus been able to study about the dangers of inbreeding, the benefits of early genetic testing to preclude certain genetic diseases that can be passed on from parents to their children, and better understand the gene-related behaviors and actions of humans. Human understanding of genetics through testing in animals has enabled scientists to make progress in other scientific fields. For instance, through genetic manipulation of plant and crops, scientists have been able to grow drought resistant crops that can be used to feed people living in drought prone areas where food crops do not normally survive drought. Such crops thus fee d thousands of people whom in the absence of selective breeding, would have suffered starvation and death, especially in developing countries. Genetically modified foods are also used to feed populations throughout the world, filling a gap that would have existed had humanity chosen to rely on organic foods, which are dependent on the elements of nature only. Therefore, the study of medical genetics, via experimentation with animals, has enabled humanity to use this knowledge and extend it to other fields such as crop production, and the development of medicines extracted from genetically modified plants and animals. The Alternative View There are scientists, animal welfare organizations and other concerned parties who are of the view that medical research on animals is unethical, cruel and unnecessary and thus should be forbidden by law. Proponents of this view have launched various campaigns to highlight the cruelty that some animal species are subjected to in the human quest for medical knowledge and advancement (Doug 252).Advertising Looking for research paper on health law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, these animal welfare organizations argue that animal life has intrinsic value and should thus not be sacrificed at the expense of human life, or human progress in medicine. Additionally, proponents of the banning of medical research on animals state that, the results of medical research on animals should not be extrapolated to humans, because human beings and animals are different, and a specified set of trial results on animals does not mean that similar results will be achieved in humans. However, as discussed in this paper, these concerns and views of the proponents of the banning of medical research on humans need not take this rather extreme view that such research should be banned altogether. The first concern concerning cruelty inflicted on these animals can be corrected through researchers being cautioned and trained in handling the animals in as gentle and painless manner as possible (Eckholm 25). The animals involved in such research can thus be given pain all eviating medicine, and incase the experiment procedure renders the animal life unviable afterwards, are euthanized in a painless and straightforward manner. Concerning the extrapolation of animal experiments to human, this view is hardly supported by the numerous data and research results that show that results of medical experiments on animals have historically (and even in contemporary times) been successfully replicated in humans. Conclusion Medical research on animals has wrought numerous benefits to humanity. The medical fields of biomedicine, behavioral medicine and medical genetics have all progressed and recorded significant gains due to research first conducted on animals. As discussed in this paper, the benefits of medical research on humanity far outweigh the concerns as stated by proponents of the outlawing of animal experimentation. Vaccines and treatment regimes for various diseases that previously led to the death of humans were all discovered through research on anim als. Currently, research on animals guides the attempt to find a vaccine or cure for cancer and AIDS. In the field of behavioral medicine, psychiatric diagnoses and evaluation, and a better understanding of the psychological functioning of the human brain have also benefited from animal experiment. Research on genetics in animals has also enabled humans to prevent certain genetic diseases from being spread to human offspring from the parents, and such research has also been extended to plants, leading to the growth of appropriate plant species for to sustain human life even in areas with harsh climates. Therefore, medical research on animals should be encouraged, and the concerns of those holding an alternative view should be applied only to the extent that such concerns permit the unhindered continuation of such research, because as discussed in this paper such research is vital for human survival and progress. Cunningham, Paul. Animals in Psychology Education and Student Choice. Society Animals magazine, 2000: 19-21. Doug, Brandon. Human Rights, Animal Wrongs? Exploring Attitudes toward Animal Use and Possibilities for Change. Society Animals 18.3 (2010): 251-272. Eckholm, Erik. â€Å"Special to the New York Times: Tests that spare animals reported. New York Times 02 Feb. 1986: 25. Levinson, Ralph, and Michael Reiss. Key Issues in Bioethics: A guide for Teachers. London: New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2003.

Using Dryer Sheets on Your Car

Using Dryer Sheets on Your Car Did you know dryer sheets can make or break your cars finish? In some cases, they can really help you out. Mostly, however, you want to avoid putting your detailing cloths in the dryer with a dryer sheet or fabric softener. Sometimes Useful You can dampen a dryer sheet and rub it on your car to help remove dead bugs, particularly love bugs that embed in your finish. The dryer sheet trick also helps if you need to get at tar or sap. Just keep in mind that the reason this works is that the chemicals in the dryer sheet dissolve the vehicles finish. Its better than scrubbing, potentially scratching your car, but youll need to reapply wax to restore your shine and protect against future bugs and grime. Sometimes Dangerous Generally, keep dryer sheets away from your detailing cloths because the chemical residue will make it harder to get a showroom shine. If you used fabric softener or dryer sheets, youre basically fighting the chemical on your cloth to get a smooth finish. Dryer sheets are great for metal bumpers, but even there, a protective finish will serve you better in the long run. So while dryer sheets are definitely a great option for detailing your car, remember that you will have to reapply the finish when youre done with them. Just be aware of how they impact your cars finish, and you can use them to their fullest advantage.

Communication and successful management Research Paper

Communication and successful management - Research Paper Example †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 Introduction Communication is the process of passing information from one person to another with an aim of receiving feedback or response. Basically, the aim of communication is to improve good relation among people. On the other hand, management is the art of controlling, organizing and planning among others. Similarly, the main aim of management is efficiency improvement in operation. Generally, communication is a vital tool for effective management. There are different forms of communication that are vertical, horizontal, verbal, non-verbal, direct and indirect. Therefore, communication is important for successful management. Considering the importance of communication in achievement of success in management, there is need to study communication and its important contribution in successful management. Generally, the paper is a research proposal on importance of good communication to workers, employees and managers in an organizational setting. It also focuses on the creation of productive, creative and cooperative work place through good connection between employees and managers created through good communication. Significance of the study This research study basically focuses on communication and management. It tries to find out the importance of communication for effective and successful management. There has been a rising concern over relation between managers and employees. This is basically influenced by communication between them. Therefore, the study is important because it tries to establish ways of improving ways of fostering good communication between employees and managers. The study is important to organizations, employees and managers i n different sectors in the economy. If the study is successfully carried out, relation between managers and employees may be improved since effective methods may be developed. Research questions and/ or hypothesis What is communication? What is management? What are the elements of good communication? What is the importance of good communication? What are the types of communication commonly used in organizations? What is the importance of successful communication? Scope Since the research aims at determining importance of good communication for good relation among employees and managers in an organization, the data collected in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Each research objective therefore used varying fractions of each form of data (Babbie, and Benaquisto, 2009, p 56). The research method chosen for this study

The development of corporate governance code in UK since 1992 Essay

The development of corporate governance code in UK since 1992 - Essay Example The essay discusses that corporate failures such Maxwell Publishing Group, BCCI, Poly Peck and Coloroll in 1980s and early 1990s in UK brought the issue of corporate governance practices by publicly listed organizations. There is no set definition of corporate governance and mostly depends upon the specific country’s view and oversight of the issue. Generally, it is known as a system of rules and principles as to how an organization should be governed and controlled. The roots of corporate governance lie in ‘Agency Theory’, which explains the problem of principal-agent. The managers or agents are bestowed with the responsibility of managing the company on behalf of the company’s owners or principals. While these agents have informational advantage, the principals have to rely on the board appointed by them to oversee the agents’ management. Therefore, agency theory has had a deep influence in shaping the characteristics and reforms of corporate gover nance. A proper governance mechanism in organization was required in order to facilitate a prudent and effective entrepreneurial management to deliver the long-term success of the organization underlying assumption of corporate governance is that the board of directors is responsible for the management of business and control of risks faced by it. While the framework of an effective corporate governance is still is in development stage in most of the developed economies, the recent economic downturn has raised the doubt over the effectiveness of corporate governance can ever be achieved.... These two Codes are based on the Walker Review Committee being set up to review the corporate governance practices in banking sector. U.S. has addressed the issue of corporate governance and auditor’s independence through Sarbanes Oxley Act in 2002 in response to Enron collapse and other corporate scandals, and Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reforms along with Consumer Protection Act in 2010 (Copeland, 2010, p.1). These reforms and developments indicate that the importance of having an effective corporate governance framework in order to protect not just the shareholders’ interests but also the other stakeholders’ interests. Considering this, the development of corporate governance framework in UK and practices of the Code through the analysis of two UK-based firms Burberry and BP have been provided. Burberry is a manufacturer of luxury fashion clothing, fragrance and accessories in UK and was established in 1856 (Burberry, n.d.).Burberry is listed on London Stock Exchan ge. BP was established in 1908 through a discovery of oil well in Persia. The company is listed on London Stock Exchange and NYSE (BP, 2012). Both the firms follow the provisions of corporate governance practices in the new Code on Corporate Governance 2010 and the Company Act 2006. Corporate Governance Development The process by which the stakeholders of a company get assured that the board of directors of the company is performing their duties efficiently, which assigned to them. The board members of the company should design the process, so that the interest of the stakeholders maintained properly by the operations done by the company management. The company management should also look after that whether the company properly maintains the ethics, corporate social responsibility or not. In

Individual Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Individual Analysis Paper - Essay Example ‘emotional stability’, I can deal with difficult situations, and accordingly with the help of ‘conscientiousness’ and ‘openness-to-experience’, I will be able to gain more knowledge and become more competent as well as productive for my organization. Thus, these personality traits possessed by me will certainly have a positive impact on my job performance/satisfaction as my interpersonal skills are unrivalled in my current organization. I scored 64 units in terms of my job satisfaction which depicts that I am not highly satisfied with my present job role. As a competent professional, I wish to face more challenging job roles that would be adequate in utilizing my personal skills as well as the knowledge gained through experiences in my work. Notably, I have learnt the work process on my own and find myself to deserve a better and more challenging work to improve my overall job satisfaction. However, in the current position, I feel to be overqualified, which is the main reason for my lower job satisfaction score. I scored 19 in disciplining others which is not sufficient but also not quite low to be ignored. The reason for scoring low is certainly my lack of involvement in disciplining positions for a long period that hampered my skills largely due to non-performance. To improve my disciplining skills, I require practicing them regularly in my professional and in my personal life as

Iran And Weapons Of Mass Destruction Essay Example for Free

Iran And Weapons Of Mass Destruction Essay Iran is a signatory to the international treaties that prohibits production and keeping of weapons of mass destruction. These treaties are; the chemical weapons convection, the biological weapons convention and the nuclear Non-Profiliferation Treaty (NPT). Despite its ratification of these treaties, Iran is currently believed to be possessing weapons of mass destruction. After the Iraq-Iran war in early 1980s, Ayatollah Khomeini resolved to pursue nuclear research after he lost about 100,000 soldiers and civilians due to chemical weapons attacks by the Iraqis. Controversy has surrounded the Iranian nuclear weapons program for decades now. While the country maintains that its uranium enrichment program is solely meant for peaceful purposes and the current international atomic energy agency director general, Yukiya Amano claiming that there are no evidence in IAEA reports that Iran has plans to develop weapons of mass destruction, the United States through its congressional research paper believes that Iran had long finished developing nuclear weapons in 2003. The world is equally divided over the Iranian nuclear weapon program. Only a few European countries are siding with the United States and countries like Russia do not believe in the allegations that Iran has or has plans to develop nuclear weapons. Most countries from the East like China, Turkey, Syria, Afghanistan, the Arab League as well as Gulf Cooperation Council, have expressed their full support for Iran to pursue what they call a peaceful nuclear energy. But what are the implications of a nuclear energy in the hands of Iranians? The Iranian nuclear program has earned many foes and allies in almost equal measure. One of the greatest critics of the Iranian nuclear energy is the United States. The strain relationship between the countries dates back to three centuries when the Islamic revolution in Iran swept the US strong ally Shah out of power. When Ayatollah Khomeini came to power after the revolution, he driven the country’s foreign policy away from the United States and the two countries have ever since been polar opposites in virtually every foreign policies. Diplomatic relations between the two nations was broken in early 1980 and the Swiss government took over representation of American interest the following year. While in the United States, the Pakistani government assumed representation of Iranian affairs. However, the Iranian government has its own representative to the UN in New York City. In 1981, following the Algiers declaration, the US-Iran Claims Tribunal (situated at The Hague, Netherlands) was formed to resolved issues between the nationals of the two countries. However, this engagement has always remain and dealt with legal matters only . The Iranian nuclear program has only worked over the years to strain the diplomatic relations further. American government by executive orders made by its president and also by the congressional legislation bars any form of trade with Iran. These sanctions were imposed because of Iran’s continued pursuance of its nuclear program and its noncompliance with the IAEA demands. Iran is further accused of sponsoring terrorists and terror activities as well as of having poor human rights record. However, the American government has always maintained that these sanctions only target the Iranian government engagement with the US and not the citizens of Iran. The US therefore permits certain trades that would help the nationals of Iran. Such engagement as relief donations by the American nationals and NGOs, export of medical and agricultural products from US to Iran and import of foodstuff from Iran are permitted. The American government has at times lifted the trade sanctions especially in times of humanitarian crises like was the case in 2003 during the Ban earthquake. Obstacles to diplomatic relations between the countries however, still remain unresolved. The United States is mainly concerned with the Iranian authorities’ lack of compliance with the IAEA and accused their counterparts of pursuing a risky ambition that would threaten peace in the world. The US fears over the Iran’s nuclear is connected with their allegations that Iran has been sponsoring terror activities. Iran has always objected to the peace deal favoring the Israel and has been accused of undermining the Middle East peace process through its continued arming of militia and terror groups like Hezbollah, Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the Hamas. The risks a nuclear Iran would subject the world to through its continued association with militia and terror groups is one of the reason sanctions are being imposed not only by the US government but also by the European union and the United Nations security council. The Iran nuclear program would not be a threat to Israel but also the world at large. Analysis of the frosty relations between Iran and Israel would shed more light on how the world would be threatened by Iran as a nuclear power. Iran is the second largest country with a Jewish population in the Middle East after Israel and some notable figures in Israel are known to have originated from Iran. The two countries had had good relations when Iran was ruled by the Shah, but after the Islamic revolution of Iran, Israel and the Iran’s ruling clergy have had hostile ties with Iran refusing to recognize Israel. However, even during the hostile relationship, Israel helped United States sell arms to Iran as part of the infamous Iran-Contra scandal. In recent times, the United States has been very much vocal against the Iranian nuclear program. Israel on the other hand has always been ready to disarm the Iranians of their missiles and other weapons considered destructive. They have even considered tactically deploying their nuclear weapons to clear off the Iranian nuclear facilities. Although Israel has never officially confirmed the number of its nuclear weapons, it is whispered in the international security circles that the country has about 200-400 weapons of mass destruction and is the only country possessing a nuclear weapons in the Middle East. And it is not lost to many that Israel had bombed the Iraqi facility believed to have been part of its nuclear programs. The perennial conflict between Israel and Palestinians has not help matters either. The Palestinians continued migration to south Lebanon led the formation of militant groups like Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Palestine Islamic Jihad among others. Although these groups have been considered terrorists groupings by many countries, Iran disagrees. It has not only offered these groups material support in terms of weapons but regard the groups as organizations fighting for a justified cause and publicly offer them moral support. These groups especially the Hezbollah regard the Iran spiritual leader as their ultimate authority and the groups themselves have confirmed that all political decisions concerning their affairs are referred and made in Iran. For example, the Iran spiritual leader himself is said to have favored the Hezbollah’s participation in the Lebanese politics. In light of these revelations, it would be appropriate to say that Iran is sponsoring suicide bombers at least indirect to fight the Israelis. The Iranians and the leaders have always denounced Israel and more often pronounce death of Israel in different forms. The Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is on record claiming that Israel ought to be wiped off from the face of the earth and even questioned why the holocaust did not perform it once and for all. We may argued that the Iranian president does not wield so much power and that the spiritual leader who at some point sought ceasefire and normalized relations with the Israelis, is the real source of power. But the ruling clergy is up to no good if his agitations to have Hezbollah become a full political outfit which was objected to by the United States is anything to go by. Looking back at the recent events in Lebanon where Israel suffered a humiliating defeat in the hands of Hezbollah, the influence of Iran and its militant group, Hezbollah in the Middle East was just given a shot in the arm. We may argue that Iran never started its nuclear weapons program with Israel in mind. But going by the unrelenting anti-Israel rhetoric by its leaders, it would be quite in order to say that Iran’s number one enemy right now is Israel and given opportunity would go ahead and wipe out the entire nation. Only nuclear weapons would put it at par with Israel and make it achieve the mass destruction they would love to see. Again, sorting out Israel as its number one enemy, Iran is simply creating more enemies. With the United States leading the pack of countries associating and supporting Israel, Iranians would declare war with any nation oppose to their policies against Israel. Diplomacy and Alternatives President Bush’s efforts to halt the Iranians’ uranium enrichment program had been focused on building a strong international coalition that would impose tough sanctions against Iran intended to punish and isolate until it abandons its plans to develop nuclear weapons program. The country on the other hand, maintains its nuclear program is intended for peaceful uses. When president Obama came into power, the first thing he announced regarding his foreign policy was to negotiate with Iran and talk it out of its nuclear weapons program. So far nothing tangible is coming from the Iranian side. The major problem in this whole process is that Iranian leaders are simply not willing to talk and even as Washington tries to pursue diplomacy, Tehran is determined on carrying on with its program. The Obama administration should not just explore this option without understanding their Iranian counterparts. From the developments so far, it seems Tehran is not about to make a compromise on its program. But where does this leave Obama with his pledge for a more engagement with Tehran? Besides diplomacy, are there other options left for Washington? The present world security situation is quite disturbing. The world and more specifically the United States national security is currently threatened either directly or indirectly by the developments in Iran and this should inform president Obama to realize that shunning any further contact with Iran is a luxury American cannot afford. But then the issue is complicated with the popularly-driven opposition that may be demoralized if American approaches the matter with high-handedness. A continued engagement with Tehran therefore would call for clear understanding of the nature of Iran politics and policies. My first and last option has always been engagement and engagement. The America should keep this door of dialogue wide open. However, it would be careless of us if we are only concerned with the nuclear issue. Apart from addressing the other security concerns such as Afghanistan and Iraq which Iran is threatening, the Obama administration should embark on holding the regime accountable for human rights violations. Iran has always had a problem adhering to international standards of justice. Although the word is quite commonly used by the Iranian leaders it lacks any respect at all among the Iranian officials. I have a strong belief that raising the human rights issue would make the Tehran regime think twice about using brutality and repression against its people. Failure to address the human rights issue, Americans would be creating an impression among the people of Iran that it is a cynical superpower out to cut deals at their own expense. All said, we must understand that dialogue was never an end in itself but a means to halt Iran’s nuclear plans and to check its regional policies. We should hope that dialogue bare fruits and we must believe in our secretary of states Hillary Clinton and her undersecretary Bill Burns as skilful diplomats. However, my greatest concern is that the Tehran regime is not willing to reach a compromise with Washington. In essence, the problem in Iran is in their present leaders rather than the country’s nuclear ambitions. This does not means that we overthrow the current regime through the pro-active democracy utterances of the president Bush and his administration. We should believe in the Iranian as being capable of shaping their destiny. And therefore, Americans should refrain from using policies that would jeopardize the current momentum of opposition movements in the country. This would call for a skillful and careful â€Å"engagement† that would broaden the dialogue beyond just nukes and treading away from military confrontation. I believe Ahmadinejad and the spiritual leader would most welcome a US military strike; it may offer them a lifeline to crush popular dissent and right internal political rifts. Finally, obama may be thinking of tougher sanctions going by the statement made by his secretary of states Hillary Clinton in late May. The problem with trade sanctions is that they have been there for almost 30 years now but nothing much has changed and I have a belief that Iran is used to it now. If they refused the carrot and stick of President Bush, what tells us now that Iran would play ball? Our option must be a change in approach in our engagement. Conclusion For over two decades of dialogue, diplomacy and sanctions have achieved a little impact in the Iran’s nuclear plans. They have delayed such a program, made its operations and nuclear programs more covert and have continuously highlighted the risks Iran is posing to itself and the world. Such policies however, have never stopped Iran from acquiring long-range missiles, the technology as well as production facilities for making nuclear weapons. The United States therefore needs to change tact in its dealing with the Tehran regime and in containing its nuclear weapons ambitions.