The Clanton Gang Essay example -- essays research papers

In the middle and late part of the nineteenth century, the westerly was a harsh and dangerous place to live. Bar fights and murders were being committed in every town. This was acceptable behavior however in those days. hands colonized their problems face-to-face, and normally, the slower man cease up dead. Gunfighting in the West was started and carried on by a group of men known as the Clanton Gang. Old slice Clanton was the leader and founder of gunfighting, his sons carried some of his fights and continued with their own fights, and his last surviving son parted with gunfighting and started his own successful business.      Gunfights were common and took place regularly. The earliest gunfighters, or gunslingers, were born in the early 1800s, and most men got recognition as slingers in the 1850s. The founder of gunfighting was Old man Clanton, or N. H. Clanton. In 1816, Newman Haynes "Old Man" Clanton was born in Davidson County, Tennessee. On Janu ary 5, 1840 Newman Clanton married Mariah Sexton Kelso in Callaway County, Missouri and together they had five boys and two daughters. John Wesley, Joseph Isaac, Phineas Fay, William Harrison, Alonzo Peter, Mary Elise and Ester Ann made up the Clanton Gang. He did not participate in many gunfights though he instigated many of them. Old Man Clanton took care of business swiftly. If he did not like somebody, he would simply point them out, and one of his sons would provoke an argument and shoot the man down in self defense. Old Man Clanton had formed a cowboy party which consisted of some of the deadliest men in the West. Curley Bill, John Ringo, Tim and Frank McLaury, Joe Hill, Pony Deal, Jim Hughes, Frank Stillwell and many other lieutenants, who had over four hundred enclosure outcast under them, formed this group. He stole over $100,000 from ranchers in the south, and anyone who opposed was quickly exterminated. Old Man Clantons final days ended with a stolen-cattle drive. While he was passing through Guadeloupe Canyon, he and six other men were ambushed and shot dead out of their saddles. "Old Man" Clanton was buried where he fell in Guadalupe Canyon, New Mexico.     Although the leader of the Clanton Gang was dead, the family carried on. Billy and Ike Clanton were two of the participants in the most famous gunfight of all. The ... ...oseph G. and Collins, Richard.The Taming of the West Age of the Gunfighter Men and Weapons of the Frontier 1840-1900.      London, England Salamander Books Ltd, 1993.2.     William C. Davis, Joseph G. Rosa.The West From Lewis and Clark and Wounded Knee The Turbulent Story of the Settling of Frontier America.London, England Salamander Books Ltd, 1994.3.     Phin Clanton Family History.(The notorious Clanton Gang). 1996-1997. February 20, 2002.<http//clantongang.com/oldwest/gangphin.html>4.     Billy Clanton Family History.(The Notorious Clanton Gang). 1996-1997. February 20, 2002.<http//clantongang.com/oldwest/gangbill.html>5.     Ike Clanton Family History.(The Notorious Clanton Gang). 1996-1997. February 20, 2002.<http//clantongang.com/oldwest/gangike.html>6.     O.K. Corral Gun Fight.(American Western History Museums). 1999. February 20, 2002.<http//www.linecamp.com/museums/americanwest/western_places/ok_corral_gun_fight/ok_corral_gun_fight.html>

Dreams and Dream Deffered by Langston Hughes :: essays research papers

Dreams Deferred and DreamsIn the meters Dreams Deferred and Dreams by Langston Hughes the seed talks approximately how important dreams are. The author uses many contrasting types of figurative languages such as similes and metaphors and shows how they are a exchangeable and different in many ways.In the poem Dreams the author writes Hold fast to your dreams/for if dreams die (Hughes 1-2 poem 1). The root of this poem is to try to achieve your dreams and not let them die . In the poem Dream Deferred also by Langston Hughes the author writes about the theme being how a person could basically not be sane without dreams and how important they are to a person. As the author writes Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun ( Hughes 2-3 poem 2). The author is referring how dreams die when not pursued and dry up like raisins when not used or reached. The author used figurative language in the form of metaphors in these two poems in the first poem Dreams . The author writes For when dreams go/Life is like a barren field/ of frozen snow (Hughes 6-8 poem 1). Which he feels hopelessness and the author expresses hopelessness in the lines For it dreams die / Life is a broken winged-bird / that cannot strike down (Hughes - poem 2). The author is trying to explain to the reader to not let go of your dreams which is basically the whole poem is about your dreams and how important and I put one acrosst think that Langston Hughes could stress that anymore than he already has. As the author writes Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?Langston Hughes argues about how readers should never let our hopes, dreams, and aspirations.

Homelessness in the Jane and Finch Area of Toronto :: Struggle for a Community

Many individuals would define leisure as time free from paid work, domestic responsibilities, and average about anything that one would not do as part of their daily routine. Time for leisure and time for work are both two crock up spheres. The activities which slew choose to do on their spare time benefit their own personal interests as well as their satisfactions. While some people may enjoy one activity, others pay not. Leisure is all about personal interests and what people constitute having a good time is all about. most may say that the process of working class leisure burn down be seen to contribute their own subordination as well as the upbringing of capitalist class relations. Self-produced patterns of working class leisure can lead to resistance to such reproduction. This leads to social class relations and inequalities, and the fact that it they can never be completely reproduced in the leisure sphere. This film Home Feeling Struggle for a Community, gives some e xamples of the role of leisure within a capitalist society dealing with issues such as class inequalities, and how they are different among various societies. One might define the relations between natural law and community relations in the Jane and Finch area of Toronto to be very discriminating. The start of the film already gives some insight on the issue which the film is act to portray. A coloured mans is being harassed because the police do not think that he has ownership for the van to which he claimed he owned. The police were violating his rights and treating him in an impolite manner simply because of the standard that has been set, claiming that all coloured individuals are violent and dangerous. This is also the case because the film has been recorded in the Jane and Finch area where people are looked down upon and regarded as dangerous, violent and unemployed. The video Home Feeling A struggle for Community covers the lives and individual stories of the residents of t he Jane and Finch area, primarily the Indians who extend to up at least 15% of the immigrants who reside in the area. The residents of the Jane and Finch area have strong feelings against the police who constantly wander their community looking for vexation or trying to cause some of their own. Many blame the police for their frustrations claiming that they feel they have no privacy because they are always being watched.

Mykhailo Hrushevsky :: Hrushevsky Ukranian Author Biography Essays

Mykhailo Hrushevsky When one thinks of great Ukrainians a few call come to mind and right at the top of that list is Mykhailo Hrushevsky. This gentlemans gentleman was a renassaince man on his worst day. He was an author, publicist, political and civic leader, and the almost prominent Ukrainian historiographer. The kind of man that Hrushevsky was, is a the kind of man that makes nations great. Mykhailo Hrushevsky was born in the town of Kholm (now it is situated in the territory of Poland) in 1866.2 He lived in this are until he was only 3 when his family moved to Caucasia. He graduated from the pure gymnasium, which is a type of academic school, in Tiflis (now Tbilisi) (1886)3. It was during this clip that Hrushevsky started to write letters and such that were good enough to be published. After his time at the gymnasium, Hrushevsky went on to the Kyiv University where he studied under the famed histo rian V. Antonovych4. He graduated in high regards in 1890 and published his first scholarly work, southbound Ruthenian Feudal Castles in the Mid-16th Century, in the same year.5 He go on to write and study and earned a masters arcdegree in 1894. After his degree had been earned Hrushevsky was appointed professor of the newly created chair of Ukrainian history at Lviv University, by the recommendation of V. Antonovych.6 Hrushevskys time at Lviv was one of some production. He became very active in the Ntsh, also cognise as the Shevchenko Scientific Society. He ran fundraisers and earned much needed funds for the association. He founded a library and a museum for the association. He brought many scholars into the association and also made outside contacts. He transformed the groups journal from a per year to a monthly publication7. Also, he established an archeological naval division of the association in 1895.Mykhailo Hrushevsky Hrushevsky Ukranian Aut hor Biography EssaysMykhailo Hrushevsky When one thinks of great Ukrainians a few names come to mind and right at the top of that list is Mykhailo Hrushevsky. This man was a renassaince man on his worst day. He was an author, publicist, political and civic leader, and the most prominent Ukrainian historian. The kind of man that Hrushevsky was, is a the kind of man that makes nations great. Mykhailo Hrushevsky was born in the town of Kholm (now it is situated in the territory of Poland) in 1866.2 He lived in this are until he was only 3 when his family moved to Caucasia. He graduated from the classical gymnasium, which is a type of academic school, in Tiflis (now Tbilisi) (1886)3. It was during this time that Hrushevsky started to write letters and such that were good enough to be published. After his time at the gymnasium, Hrushevsky went on to the Kyiv University where he studied under the famed historian V. Antonovych4. He graduated in high regards in 1890 and published his first scholarly work, South Ruthenian Feudal Castles in the Mid-16th Century, in the same year.5 He continued to write and study and earned a masters degree in 1894. After his degree had been earned Hrushevsky was appointed professor of the newly created chair of Ukrainian history at Lviv University, by the recommendation of V. Antonovych.6 Hrushevskys time at Lviv was one of extraordinary production. He became very active in the Ntsh, also known as the Shevchenko Scientific Society. He ran fundraisers and earned much needed funds for the association. He founded a library and a museum for the association. He brought many scholars into the association and also made outside contacts. He transformed the groups journal from a yearly to a monthly publication7. Also, he established an archeological part of the association in 1895.

Excessive Laws and the Self-Interest of Lawmakers, Lawyers, and Judges

Excessive Laws and the Self-Interest of Lawmakers, Lawyers, and Judges The basis of a civilized society is right. The rightfulness allows for standardized treatment of men, the law allows people to intend their futures, the law gives people assurance that pass ons, contracts, and trusts will be enforced, that certain behavior will be allowed while other behavior (crimes and torts) will be punished, etceteraFive important characteristics of "the law" in a civilized society follow 1) The law must be of manageable size so the ordinary man can learn the law without a lifetime of study. 2) The law must be simple enough for the average man to grasp and understand. 3) The law must be stable so men can, once they learn the law, live their lives with great assurance that they know the law and atomic number 18 not violating the law. 4) The law must be internally consistent so a man who follows one law does not find himself violating some other law. And last, but not least, 5) & quotman made" law must harmonize with the unchanging law of God.Each of these principles needs to studied in light of Americas current legal expressionManageable size The typical public or academic law library contains over 100 million pages (in excess of 100,000 volumes) of statutes, regulations, reported legal decisions, commentaries, crosscut indexes, law dictionaries, legal encyclopedias, law review articles, etc. However, most law libraries hand found all these pages inadequate. In the last ten years they have added "on line" access to great legal web sites run by Lexis and West Legal Publishing. These web sites allow law students and lawyers to do supple searches of all published material related to a given topic. These web sites are expensive but if the right legal key words are entered the results are very useful. Twenty to one hundred pages of information is displayed on the screen. In an hour or two each journeyman lawyer will know all that is worth knowin g about some narrow area of the law. Of course, total or complete knowledge is beyond human reach. No one not even the most dedicated legal scholar can claim to know "all the law". In fact Americas stain recalls ancient Rome, just before its fall, when the laws began to multiply. A sage of the late Roman Empire remarked "A corrupt society has many laws".Simplicity As the front description makes clear, ma... ... in their lives and that He is unrelated to the central activity of their daily routine? It is obvious that each such gradation is simply another step on a slippery slope away from God.So why do lawmakers, lawyers, and judges violate these five obvious rules. The only answer that makes any sense is self interest. Lawmakers want to be re-elected so they pass laws which pander to mans baser instincts and give special advantage to large contributors. Judges at the appellate take (and bureaucrats in the executive branch of government) are lured by the evil urg e to become "little gods". They put Gods Laws aside and set off on their throw to re-define right and wrong. Judges at the trial court level become friendly with the lawyers that appear before them so they act in ways which add the power and/or wealth of these lawyers. Lawyers themselves are in need of income to support their families in an aristocratic fashion, so they encourage judges and lawmakers to increase the complexity of court of law procedures and/or law in general so more "lawyers work" is created. Simple laws and simple court room procedures are not the stuff upon which exalted legal fees are built.

Excessive Laws and the Self-Interest of Lawmakers, Lawyers, and Judges

Excessive Laws and the Self-Interest of Lawmakers, Lawyers, and Judges The basis of a civilized society is truth. The truth allows for standardized treatment of men, the law allows people to plan their futures, the law gives people assurance that go aways, contracts, and trusts will be enforced, that certain behavior will be allowed while different behavior (crimes and torts) will be punished, etc.Five important characteristics of "the law" in a civilized society follow 1) The law must be of human raceageable surface so the average man can learn the law without a lifetime of study. 2) The law must be simple enough for the average man to grasp and understand. 3) The law must be stable so men can, once they learn the law, live their lives with great assurance that they know the law and ar not violating the law. 4) The law must be internally consis ext so a man who follows one law does not find himself violating some other law. And last, but not least, 5) "man made&q uot law must harmonize with the unchanging law of God.Each of these principles needs to studied in light of Americas menstruation legal structureManageable size The typical public or academic law library contains over 100 million pages (in excess of 100,000 volumes) of statutes, regulations, account legal decisions, commentaries, cross indexes, law dictionaries, legal encyclopedias, law review articles, etc. However, most law libraries have found all these pages inadequate. In the last ten years they have added "on line" access to great legal web sites run by Lexis and West Legal Publishing. These web sites allow law students and lawyers to do quick searches of all published material related to a given topic. These web sites are expensive but if the right legal backbone words are entered the results are very useful. Twenty to one hundred pages of information is displayed on the screen. In an hour or two any crafter lawyer will know all that is worth knowing about some na rrow area of the law. Of course, total or complete knowledge is beyond human reach. No one not even the most dedicated legal scholar can claim to know "all the law". In fact Americas situation recalls ancient Rome, just before its fall, when the laws began to multiply. A sage of the late Roman Empire remarked "A corrupt society has many laws". simmpleness As the preceding description makes clear, ma... ... in their lives and that He is unrelated to the central activity of their daily routine? It is obvious that each such step is plainly another step on a slippery slope away from God.So why do lawmakers, lawyers, and judges violate these five obvious rules. The wholly answer that makes any sense is self interest. Lawmakers want to be re-elected so they pass laws which pander to mans baser instincts and give special advantage to large contributors. Judges at the appellate level (and bureaucrats in the executive branch of government) are lured by the evil urge to bec ome "little gods". They put Gods Laws aside and set sullen on their own to re-define right and wrong. Judges at the trial court level become friendly with the lawyers that appear before them so they act in ways which sum up the power and/or wealth of these lawyers. Lawyers themselves are in need of income to support their families in an aristocratic fashion, so they encourage judges and lawmakers to increase the complexity of courtroom procedures and/or law in general so more "lawyers work" is created. Simple laws and simple court room procedures are not the stuff upon which grand legal fees are built.

Diversity in Crash Essay

The movie Crash (2004), directed by Paul Haggis, is full of different racisms, social and multicultural differences. There ar seventeen different characters in this movie ranging from different ext dismiss, gender, social class and ethnicity. These are stereotypes that people face every day of their lives. Crash sincerely shows the assumptions that we earn of others and how people of different backgrounds interact with each other. The movie in truth made me realize how I act in these types of situations. This movie non only shows the multicultural differences in society, but I rally places an emphasis on it within the criminal justice system. In one of the first scenes we see a Iranian man with his daughter in a gun transshipment center trying to purchase a gun. The owner of the store who is a white male has a very negative attitude towards the man and his daughter. His attitude and gestures really show the negative stereotypes towards the Persian race. The store owner made remarks regarding the attacks on 9/11.The store owner is associating them with the Arabs that actually attacked the U.S. Anyone from the Middle East seems to fall under the same category for the store owner. There are many stereotypes that have been around for years, no matter how hard we have tried to get rid of them. Sandra Bullocks character had made the statement, If a white woman sees two blue men walking towards her and turns the other way, shes a racist. Well I got scared and didnt say anything, and the next thing I knew, I had a gun shoved in my head This was a turning point for her and her beliefs. Although the men who shoved a gun to her head were black, she started to be racist towards anyone that was not white. A Hispanic male was changing the locks on her house and she automatically started throwing insults at him.Sandra figured that he would make copies of the keys and come back and break into her house. The way Sandra acted I think is how most people may respond to s ituations like that. This can be especially true for the police departments. When an officer has a bad experience with another(prenominal) race while on duty, it can affect other situations the officer may come across with the same race. The officer may think that everyone of that race is the same way. I have always believed that racism, social and multicultural differences were a result from how we were brought up. I believed that if your parents were racist, then you too would be racist.At first, Matt Dillons character showed the signs of this theory. Dillon showed that he had a very close bond with his father, which I assumed where he learned his behavior from. This would end up being the uttermost(a) from the truth. Dillons beliefs come from working on the LAPD for many years and the frustration that he would have at his fathers doctors office. At the doctors office, Dillon believed that the lady was not trying her hardest to help his father, because she was black.Police corrup tion is not something that the public hears about a lot. Usually, this is something the police departments try to upkeep out of the media. There was a situation in the movie that really shows the corruption that can kick downstairs. Matt Dillons and Ryan Phillips characters are partners on the police force. wholeness night on patrol they pulled over an SUV with a black couple inside. Dillon had offered to let them go without a ticket if the woman would perform sexual acts. As Ryan was boldnessing on at the situation he saw that Dillon was groping and touching the woman inappropriately. While Dillon was assaulting the woman all her husband could do was look on. If he had tried to stop it he would have been arrested. I hate to think this happens, but I know that it does. Ryan decided that he no prolonged wanted to be Dillons partner.He went to his boss and tried to give reason as to why he wanted out. Ryan had to cover what Dillon did and come up with a different reason as to why he wanted a new partner. In our book Ethics and Morality in brutal Justice explains and gives many examples of sexual misconduct. At the bottom of page 188 it talks about how officers would go bimbo hunting. This would include sexual harassment towards women out drinking, prostitutes and homeless women. These types of situations really show the corruption in a police department. Police chiefs do not want to bring negative attention to their force, so they usually end up covering up what is going on. As far as my personal experience, growing up in Arizona I was in tactual sensation with many different races and cultural back grounds. I would like to say that I do not judge people and give them a chance.However, this would not be true. I think we really do use previous experiences and judge others from those. If I were a police officer, I think it would be really hard not to carry over my experiences each time I have a run in with a certain race. I do know that if I witnessed polic e corruption going on that I would bring it to someones attention. We arrest those who sexually harass or enchant others that are not on the police force. Therefore, I would not let them get away with anything just because they are an officer.Trouble facing stereotypes can happen anywhere. It is not restricted to race and cultural backgrounds. There are stereotypes against age, social class, gender and there are many more. These stereotypes can cause friction within the same ethnic backgrounds. Until our society takes control and changes these, then there will always be prejudice. The movie Crash really makes us take a look ourselves and how we behave and how much we are all alike in reality. There are so many different scenes in that movie, that there is at least one that we can all relate to.

Discuss the Significance of Studying Different Philosophical World Views of Teacher Education?

Education provides a foundation for a child to prat the rest of his or her life on. Without a solid noesis, it becomes impossible for an individualistic to provide for themselves and their family. Also, well-educated people can make decisions that benefit both their fellowship interests and the interests of society as a whole. In this paper, the reason will address the different opinions of school of thought about reproduction. The nature of the student will then be addressed followed by the nature of knowledge and finally the purpose of education.In conclusion, the author will comp atomic number 18 and contrast the 2 main theories that of realism and idealism. No two students are exactly alike. N forevertheless, they do share one fundamental character the character of an inquisitiveness to learn. Educational doctrine is no doubt a field that has changed over the decades, and still today not everyone is in total agreement on the subject. However, one thing is certain- sch ool of thought is the foundation of educational styles.Today, four grassroots educational philosophies exist including idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism. All four philosophies are very different, but all gain for the same goal, to better our education system. Although every t to distributively oneer has a different style of teaching that can be considered their own, they all adhere to one of the four basic philosophies. However, it may take a teacher more years to master, and recognize their style as one of the philosophies.The child centred educational approach holds that the teacher is a facilitator, a guide, an advisor and fellow traveller and therefore, the teacher must provide warmth and nurture emotions whilst continuing to function as a resource centre. Creating an appropriate learning environment where all students feel that they control the ability to learn and succeed is an essential responsibility of the teacher. As a childs education is the most imp ortant tool that they will ever acquire by means ofout their lifetime, it is imperative for the teacher to find a way to get in touch to each and every student under their direct responsibility.The domain of education is vast, the issues it raises are almost overwhelmingly numerous and are of great complexity, and the favorable significance of the field is second to none. These features make the phenomena and problems of education of great interest to a wide range of socially-concerned ingeniouss, who bring with them their own favoured conceptual frameworksconcepts, theories and ideologies, methods of analysis and argumentation, metaphysical and opposite assumptions, criteria for selecting evidence that has relevance for the problems that they consider central, and the like.It is no surprise, then, to find that the significant intellectual and social trends of the departed few centuries, together with the significant developments in philosophy, all have had an impact on the co ntent and methods of argument in philosophy of educationMarxism, psycho-analysis, existentialism, phenomenology, positivism, post-modernism, pragmatism, neo-liberalism, the several waves of feminism, analytic philosophy in both its ordinary language and more formal guises, are merely the tip of the iceberg.It is revealing to note somewhat of the names that were heavily-cited in the field (in alphabetical order) Adorno, Aristotle, Derrida, Descartes, Dewey, Habermas, Hegel, Horkheimer, Kant, Locke, Lyotard, Marx, Mill, Nietzsche, Plato, Rawls, Richard Rorty, Rousseau, and Wittgenstein (Curren 2003 Blake, Smeyers, Smith, and Standish 2003). Although this list conveys something of the diversity of the field, it fails to do it complete justice, for the influence of feminist philosophers is not adequately represented.Regardless of the size of the iceberg, authoritative scholars relate and argue that most educational philosophies today are developed from the idealistic and realistic view points. idealism and realism in education are much considered together in educational philosophy under the name essentialism. This is in part because, although they are of the universe differ radically, their view concerning the nature of truth are similar. Both of these positions, as we shall see, view truth as immutable, permanent, and unchanging.The main tenant of idealism is that ideas and knowledge are the truest reality. Many things in the world change, but ideas and knowledge are enduring. Idealism was often referred to as idea-ism. Idealists believe that ideas can change lives. The most important part of a person is the mind. It is to be nourished and developed. Idealism is a product of ancient Greece and Rome, mainly Socrates. Although Socrates ideals are the basis for the idealist philosophy, it was his student Plato, who is considered the founder of idealism.The Platonic theory that ultimate reality lies in a realm beyond the real world that the real world is a by-prod uct of mental or supernatural states art that rejects realism for the world of imagination. Park, Joe. (1968 23). The philosophy focuses on the spiritual and intellectual development of the individual(ibid 27). According to Chambliss, idealist attempt to describe ideas, mind, consciousness, form, thought, energy, and other non-material concepts Chambliss, (J. J. 1996 33). The educational approach of this philosophy is of a holistic nature.In which self-realization and character development is strongly supported. The idealist feels that with the growth of a fine moral character as well as personal reflection, information is gained. The holistic approach is supported instead of a specialized concentration on a specific targeted area (ibid 52). By combining experiences gained through exact thinking and dealing with broader topics, the idealist creates an environment in which a learner can rationalize information across plan. Idealism as a philosophy had its greatest impact during th e nineteenth century Kaminsky, James S. 1993 14). Kaminsky further states that its influence in todays world is less important than it has been in the past (1993 18). Idealism is the conclusion that the universe is expression of intelligence and will, that the enduring substance of the world is the nature of the mind, that the material is explained by the mental. Idealism as a philosophy stands in contrast with all those systems of thought that centre in nature (naturalism) or in man (humanism). According to idealism to be means to be experienced by a person.Idealism holds that the order of the world is due to the manifestation in space and time of an eternal and spiritual reality. As to knowledge, idealism holds that knowledge is man thinking the thoughts and purposes of this eternal and spiritual reality as they are embodied in our world of fact. As to ethics, idealism holds that the goodness of mans individual and social life is the conformity of the human will with the moral adm inistration of the universe. In idealism, the aim of education is to discover and develop each individuals abilities and full moral purity in order to better serve society.The curricular accent is subject matter of mind literature, history, philosophy, and religion. Teaching methods focus on handling ideas through lecture, discussion, and Socratic dialogue (a method of teaching that uses questioning to help students discover and clarify knowledge). Introspection, intuition, insight, and whole-part logic are used to bring to consciousness the forms or concepts which are possible in the mind. Character is developed through imitating examples and heroes. Idealism has been influential in education for a considerable amount of time.It is considered a conservative philosophy because of its emphasis in preserving cultural traditions. The strengths of idealism include encouraging thinking and cognition, promoting cultural learning, and providing for character development of students. Tea chers are considered valuable parts of the educational process who should strive to provide a comprehensive, systematic and holistic approach to learning that stress self realisation. Scholars today have challenged idealism and brought about challenges and maybe changes to the idealistic approach. Blake, Nigel Smeyers et al (248).Aristotle, a student of Plato, developed the basis for the philosophy cognise as realism. Realism holds that objects and happenings exist regardless of how we perceive them Archambault, Reginald D. , ed. (1965 103). Thomas Jefferson is one of the more known realists. Teachers who are realists focus on reason and thinking (ibid 111). The philosophical perspective possessed by a teacher has on affects the ability and effectiveness of their teaching methods. Therefore a teacher must be one who appreciates and respects education and formalized schooling.In this metaphysical view, the aim is to understand objective reality through the diligent and unsparing scr utiny of all observable data. (ibid 119). Aristotle believed that to understand an object, its ultimate form had to be understood, which does not change. For example, a rose exists whether or not a person is aware of it. A rose can exist in the mind without being physically present, but ultimately, the rose shares properties with all other roses and flowers (its form), although one rose may be red and another peach coloured.Aristotle also was the first to teach logic as a formal clear up in order to be able to reason about physical events and aspects Jarret, James L. , ed. (1969 78). The exercise of rational thought is viewed as the ultimate purpose for humankind. The Realist curriculum emphasizes the subject matter of the physical world, particularly science and mathematics. The teacher organizes and presents content systematically within a discipline, demonstrating use of criteria in making decisions.Teaching methods focus on mastery of facts and basic skills through demonstratio n and recitation. Students must also demonstrate the ability to think critically and scientifically, using observation and experimentation. Curriculum should be scientifically approached, standardized, and distinct-discipline based. Character is developed through training in the rules of conduct. The educational principles developed by Plato, Aristotle and et al, and numerous educational theorists and philosophers in the interregnum, are alive and well in the twenty-first century.Of particular contemporary interest is the evolution that has occurred of the progressive idea that each student is an active learner who is pursuing his or her own individual educational path. By incorporating elements of the classical empiricist epistemology of John Locke, this progressive principle has become transformed into the extremely popular position known as constructivism, according to which each student in a classroom constructs his or her own individual body of understandings even when all in t he group are given what appears to be the same stimulus or educational experience. A consequence of this is that a classroom of thirty students will have thirty individually-constructed, and possibly different, bodies of knowledge, in addition to that of the teacher ). There is also a solipsistic element here, for constructivists also believe that none of usteachers includedcan directly access the bodies of understandings of anyone else each of us is imprisoned in a world of our own making. It is an understatement to say that this poses great difficulties for the teacher.The education journals of the past two decades contain many thousands of references to discussions of this position, which elsewhere the author claimed has become a type of educational secular religion for reasons that are hard to discern it is particularly influential in mathematics and science education. The teacher should therefore be able to mix and juggle through the different viewpoints to be able to relate to the disparate intellectual capacity of the students.

Comparison of two computers Essay

The two computers I will be comparing argon the Solo 1000 and the ProSentia 3000. The ProSentia is slightly more expensive than the solo at i 899 than the solo at i 589. The first computer, the solo, has an AMD Athlon 1000MHz processor but the ProSentia has a Pentium 4 processor 1. 4 GHz that is faster than the solo. The processor is the brains of the computer and carries out the tasks, so a faster computer would suite policies R us because altogether tasks can be carried out quicker.The solo has a 40Gb vexed drive compared to the ProSentia, which has a 20Gb hard drive, the size of the hard drive is primary(prenominal) because this stores all of the programs and work files. The solo would attain more space on it than the ProSentia, this also has a 128 Mb RDRAM which is the same as the solo, the memory isnt as important because it is only used to run the programs, But Policies R us will non need the memory to be to big because there programs wont be to complicated.The ProSentia c omes complete with software including Microsoft Office that contains Word, Excel, Access, Outlook and Publisher. This would save the company buying it separately. It also comes with Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional, an anti-virus program and other software tools. Where as the Solo comes complete with Windows millenary Edition and Cyber link DVD playback CD creation and copy soft ware (CD-Rw systems). I advise Policies R us to pick the ProSentia 3000 because it has certain things that would be useful to Policies R us.The ProSentia has a larger processor at 1. 4GHz. This means that they can do things Quick so things are more efficient. It does not have as much of a hard drive as the solo but Policies R us will not need that much hard drive because they will not need to save that many programs only ones linked to work. They both have the same amount of memory they so this does not matter any way. The ProSentia is more money but it is definitely worth it.

The Good Earth Essay

Character Analysis Wealth will not arise around you if no burning desire for wealthiness arises within you. Fortuitous for us, most men and woman alike both yearn for wealth, an intangible existent that has since the dawn of time represented superior class. and why is it that we yearn for wealth so much? Money? Power? Social Status? Luxury? Pride? Furthermore, why does wealth blind us from important things, like tradition?In the beginning of The Good Earth, we are introduced to an impecunious, young farmer, Wang Lung, who, due to his fathers arrangement, ends up marrying a brown common, patient faced knuckle down with the name of O-Lana. Like most farmer, Wang Lung has a strong connection and attachment to the land. However he is, like most men, an ambitious man, very envious of the return family and desires to have their wealth.The Good Earth EssayCharacter Analysis Wealth will not arise around you if no burning desire for wealth arises within you. Fortuitous for us, most men an d woman alike both yearn for wealth, an intangible existent that has since the dawn of time represented superior class. only why is it that we yearn for wealth so much? Money? Power? Social Status? Luxury? Pride? Furthermore, why does wealth blind us from important things, like tradition?In the beginning of The Good Earth, we are introduced to an impecunious, young farmer, Wang Lung, who, due to his fathers arrangement, ends up marrying a brown common, patient faced buckle down with the name of O-Lana. Like most farmer, Wang Lung has a strong connection and attachment to the land. However he is, like most men, an ambitious man, very envious of the strike family and desires to have their wealth.

National Westminster Bank Essay

Q1. Analyse the client contact process during the rate inauguration procedure. What aspects of the branchs operation impact on each stage?From analysing the branchs operation it is clear to see which parts of the banks operation impacts each stage of the storey opening procedure.Firstly the customer arrives into the bank, usually customers go to the cashiers section, they are then referred over to the enquiries counter, where they are greeted by enquiry personnel who find out which of the banks process the customer requires. If the customer wishes to open a juvenile account, a member of the records provide comes to administer the account opening procedure.It is the records round who gages mostly with new customers. The records stave must to bring on a good basic kip downledge of all the banks operations to be able to advise the new customer which account is outgo suited for them. They must find out if the customer wishes to invest money or if they wish to avail of the bank s credit facilities. The records staff would not have an in depth knowledge of the investments available to new customers so to a greater extent often than not a member of the investment section is called over to advise the new customer.Read more lingoers Draft NatwestFor credit facilities, the new customer is referred to the lending section for processing, as this operation is outside the record section staff jurisdiction. at once they account type has been established, the formalities begin (processing of customer details). Records staff go through forms to ensure that all key information has been gathered. This is probably the lasting part of the account opening procedure with the customer as a lot of details need to be processed.Once all the details have been gathered by the records staff, the direct customer contact finishes. Customer details are then passed onto the administrative section and the machine room to finalise the opening of a new account and the paper printing (ch eque platters, log books, ATM cards etc.)How the different operations interact upon the Records sectionQ2. How would you improve the process?Once the bank identified their problems the great deal out an improvement plan.They key areas identified for improvement were identified Signage Inexperienced Staff Limited staff for rush hours rasping flow of walk-in customers at peak timesFrom a recent survey customers identified the following problems Account opening forms were not properly explained Banks standard account pack was not sent out to customers Some customers waited more than the standard 9 twenty-four hourss to receive cheque book and bank card Customer personal details were recorded incorrectly Staff seemed uninterested in the customers needs Customers wouldnt recommend the bank to others every of the above points were taken into account in the banks improvement plan. Firstly the signage issue was tackled. This issue was all the right smart a problem when we visited the bank, see fig.1It was evident from this, that the enquiries desk wasnt clearly noticeable or signposted. To eliminate the problem of new customers queuing at the cashiers desk (adding to queue delays in the bank) new signage was positioned around the bank clearly highlight where the new customers were to go.While it was unfeasible to move staff permanently from section to section, records staff who are generally young and junior-grade members of staff could be temporarily move around each of the banks operations. This would add to their training knowledge and enable them to give more specialised advice to customers. By doing this staff will get to know each others jobs, they will become more confident in their work, giving the sense of importance to the banks operation. This increases staff motivation which reduces boredom as boredom leads to mistakes.To pass judgment the overall performance of staffs training and progress, the bank could introduce mystery shoppers, a member of st aff from another of the banks branches comes to open an account, goes through the totally procedure and at the end evaluates the staffs performance, identifies areas for improvement etc.As it was, the cashiers would go for their lunch, and it was the job of the records section to cover the cashier positions during lunch. This however was the busiest period for new customers want to open accounts. During the lunchtime rush customers could feel they were been rushed, inevitably resulting in mistakes occurring.To deal with this issue, lunch time for the bank staff could be divided up more evenly. Only a set summate of cashiers go for lunch at any one time, these cashiers do not take their lunch until the first host comes back, this way there is always somebody covering the records section to deal with new potential customers if they arrive during the lunch time period.To ensure the records section were not over burdened by new customers during the lunch time period, a governance o f appointment only during the lunch time rush was set up. This way the records section could easily deal with walk-in customers in the mornings and afternoons, and during lunch time they knew how many customers to expect and spend the required time needed with each customer opening an account. This way the customer feels more at ease and the records section staff do not feel under pressure and rushed, reducing the amount of mistakes made.Customers felt that the account opening forms were not properly explained to them. This issue was tackled by more staff training and the mystery shopper also helped by giving feedback. This helps the junior staff in training to interpret the forms better and be much more capable of explaining the forms to customers.In terms of the banks standard account pack not been sent out to customers, the bank set up a system of having all the leaflets on hand so the member of staff dealing with the new customer could make up a package there and then to suit th e customers needs.It was identified that some customers waited more than the standard 9 days to receive their cheque books or ATM cards. This waiting period was improved by a more clear line of communication set up between the records staff, administration staff and the machine room. This was also helped as now there were fewer mistakes and the records staff had more time to process the forms during the day as the by appointment only and not having to cover the cashier positions fully during lunch had clearly freed up some extra time for them.To deal with the problem of customers personal details not been recorded properly, the customer was asked to fill in a form which clearly legible showing how to spell their image address etc. Once all the forms had been filled out, it was advised that the supervisor provided an extra check on the forms before they were sent for processing. To assist with the implementation of this system a sort of a Kanban system could be set up, In-Kanban, Ou t-Kanban this way everything was fully completed before it was sent for processing, and there would be no flux ups, on what was processed and what has to be processed. Also as part of this kanban system to finalise the last step, approval by the manager must be sign(a) on the form.The problem of the customers feeling rushed was solved when the records section were released from other duties such as fully covering the cashiers during lunch.If all of the above points are implement successfully, the bank will be back on track to a successful and complimentary word of mouth.

Inclusive Education Essay

comprehensive commandment refers to preparational institutions and administrations that accommodate every children to develop their cognitive and intellectual skills. The diversity of the children poses a challenge for the system as the master(prenominal) goal of the program is to ensure all children learn and partake in the statemental experience of the program. The tutorers, school and the system itself has be transformed to accommodate the varied program lineal needs of the children in the program. This means that the system should not disregard each childs testify character in the process of learning.For this to be possible, the system should determine the dissimilar barriers and factors that affect the learning processes of the individuals. Inclusive education breaks the different barriers to include children who are accordingly excluded from the mainstream school systems groups. Though placing the excluded children in the mainstream educational system does not guar antee results of comprehensiveness, the system must greatly lay its key principles and practices to be effective. Inclusive education is guided by principles which are determined to meet the goals of the program to include all children in the mainstream educational system.The right of a child to inherent education on the basis of equality and opportunity is given in the Constitution as a basic right of the child. The parameters that all children are included in the mainstream educational system means that no child shall be discriminated upon on all aspects, such as race, sex, religion, disability and others. There is also the realization that all children can learn and benefit from education and the educational institutions must adapt to the needs of the children in their different learning process mechanisms.The right of the children to be different from angiotensin-converting enzyme another no matter whatever views or opinions they may have should also be given utmost attention by educators. And educators, as persons responsible for honing their intellectual and cognitive skills are address with a wide and flexible options. The inclusive schools must be aware that the concept of inclusive education is not a process and can not have immediate results. Key players of the program, like the children, parents and the community must have an active participation in the process.The system must determine the diversity of the children, and how to address them by lessening the barriers. The system must always be in the pursuit to provide convenient curriculum for the children, program and training for the teachers, and continuously gather information and support not only to the children but also to the children. . Benefits of the Inclusive Education Researches show the benefits of inclusive education. Teachers are different in their own ways. They have different teaching practices and methods that suits both able and disabled children.The program of including disabl ed children into the mainstream educational system poses a challenge to educators as though their needs are different the educator must be able to teach them in the same way they teach the children without disabilities. All the children greatly benefits from the diversity because the socialization process is unique and conducive for the childrens communication and interaction skills. The children will learn different things from one another, eventide build friendship from the experience.Involving the disabled with the non-disabled peers allows the children to realize that there are no significant differences between them. This will greatly economic aid the children face the reality of upkeep in the real world. The disabled students will then be able to realize that their worth are appreciated and not looked upon in the classroom. This will help their confidence and trust in themselves. The educators must also enforce positive modeling in the classroom for the children to accept t heir differences for them to get along more.In a three day Disability Knowledge and Research conference in Bangladesh in May 2005, the Executive Director for Center for Services and Information on Disability was quoted saying that Inclusive education is about children. They must be at the center of our discussions and represented in our look into. (Trott 2005. ) (www. disabilitykar. net) This strengthened the motivation of over 60 participants from Asia, America and European nations of the conference to promote the inclusive education program.This aims to convene all advocates of Inclusive Education in to reaching the goal of integrating the mainstream educational system with the excluded children. Some studies had been made to determine the effectiveness of the program and how the educational system needs to adopt this system. In 1995, a National Study of Inclusive Education report of NCERI in school districts in 9 states in the US shows how the inclusive education program will g reatly benefit the children passim the country. The research reported positive changes in the students, increased independence among themselves and self-esteem.Their academic skills also improved along with the childrens communication skills. In 1997, researchers Lipsky and Gartner conclude that the information they have gathered had shown the positive trend of improvement from different aspects such as the childrens academic skills, social skills and their behavior. (2004 . ) (http//www. projectchoices. org/faqBenefits. aspx) The report strengthens the advocacy of the Inclusive Education program to be implemented in the country. Another research done in the year 1994-1995 by Staub and Peck(2004 . ) (http//www. projectchoices. org/faqBenefits.aspx) discovered the common concerns of the program for the children and the education system. These are the academic performance of the nondisabled children, the time and attention given by the teacher, and the disabled students learning und esirable behavior from students with disabilities. The report will help in find out the boundaries of the inclusive education program and will allow the formulation of solutions for the problems mentioned. It should be noted that the program must be able to focus on both the disabled and nondisabled students learning processes.The educators must also find a balance in which they can attend to the needs of the children, though differently, this must be addressed to the teachers. The third concern deals with how the differences between the children are able to influence one another. The children learn things from their peers, and it is of great concern for the program to limit the bad influences from the children. The earlier research focus on the how the program will affect the children. The results have found no supporting conclusions for Staub and Pecks research determining the three main concerns of the program.The researchers did another study in which they were able to determin e the benefits of inclusive education. The program reduces the fear of differences between human, in particular children, because of increased comfort and awareness of one another. There has also been growth in social cognition as the differences in each person were made aware. The self-concept, or what is perceived as to be the true concept of a persons self, has improved. The program also develops personal principles and friendship among the children amidst of their differences. (2004 . ) (http//www. projectchoices. org/faqBenefits. aspx)

The Telecommuting and Its Effects

On September 20, 1994, some 32,000 AT&T employees stayed home. They werent sick or on strike. They were telecommuting. Employees ranging from the chief executive officer to phone operators were part of an experiment that involved 100,000 people. Its purpose? To explore how far a vast organization could go in transforming the flexplace by moving the work to the proletarian instead of the worker to work. Today AT&T is just one of some organizations pioneering the alternative workplace (AW-also known as telecommuting) the combination of nontraditional work practices, settings, and locations that is beginning to supplement traditional offices (Apgar, 121).According to IDC/Link Resources, New York, approximately 8 million Americans currently telecommute. A descry conducted by Olsten Corp., Melville, N.Y., reports that 62 percent of North American companies encourage telecommuting (Riggs, 46). In addition, look into shows about 50% of all employees either have a job that lends itsel f to telecommuting or want to get involved in telecommuting. Most researchers agree that telecommuting growth is fastest in companies employing more than 1,000 and in those with under 10 employees (Harler, 26).Telecommuting came into existence out of necessity. First, increasing global competition has brought pressures and opportunities to businesses, consultants, and service vendors. As a result, the Yankee Group predicts that as many a(prenominal) as 80 percent of all employers result have to adopt remote work in order to compete in world markets by mid-to late nineties (Manire, 51). Second, the Information Age necessitates that companies move faster and thus act and react to business conditions sooner. Third, telecommuting has been increasingly enforced at show and federal levels due to the Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970, as amended in 1990. The CAA affects any firm with over 100 employees in areas with severe ozone science levels, which covers every good-sized city in the natio n (Harler, 27).The Impact of the Internet on TelecommutingThe Internet is widely becoming part of the plan when implementing and integrating telecommuting solutions. The Internet can add a powerful dimension to the management of both(prenominal) internal and external information functions and strengthen the organizations merciful alternative management information formations.Communicating Internally. The Internet is redefining how we communicate at all organizational levels with individuals, teams and groups, and the corporations entire labor force (Kuzmits and Santos, 35). era the Internet is not about to eliminate phones, fax machines, or the U.S. postal service, it will gradually wean us from our reliance on traditional forms of communication, and will reduce the need to conduct one of the biggest time-wasters face-to-face meetings. This can be effectively achieved by using e-mail, which reduces toll charges on phone calls and rounds of frustrating attempts via representat ive mail. Internet phones, while limited, currently allows for free communication without the toll charges of traditional phone networks (Kuzmits and Santos, 36).Communicating Externally. With the Internets links to millions of computers across the world, human resource professionals can now tap into a rich array of external information resources. There are numerous links to human resources and management associations, consultants, research organizations, and local, state, and federal government organizations. Publishers of human resource information and journals are also on the Internet, providing an important source of articles on current human resources issues and trends (Kuzmits and Santos, 37).Telecommuting provides many benefits to both employers and employees. Telecommuting increase productivity, decrease office space (and thus fixed costs), improved morale, and absenteeism. Disabled workers can benefit enormously from working at home, and can save companies some of the costs of in-depth compliance with the American Disabilities Act (Harler, 27). In addition, the following benefits could be derivedAchievement of the balance between work and individualized timeGeographic dispersion of staff resources (Berhard, 22).Implements a means to distribute resources strategically and accommodate customers with measurable satisfaction ratios (Berhard, 22).Achieve new levels of operational competencyContemporary trend toward executive management using remote connectivity for video conferencing and global access to mission-critical application systems (Berhard, 22).Gives companies an edge in vying for and keeping talented, highly incite employees.In addition, compensation will eventually be changed to reflect the new work environment. The valued role of incentive rewards may increase as a result of the extra hours that employees are now clocking (Hein, 9).Closer teamwork and greater flexibility (Apgar, 127).Value that employees place on increased personal time a nd confine (Apgar, 127).There are also numerous issues and disadvantages to telecommuting that human resources should be aware of and anticipate. Among these allow inHuman Resources should be able to handle ending an AW relationship, in particular if the company feels it must(prenominal) eliminate a person from its program for poor performance.There is difficulty in anticipating deterioration in the employees at-home situation. For example, a fall apart can result in the company losing an established office address, phone and fax number. What processes is or should be in place to assure invoices or work documents delivered to the former home are forwarded to the new location?Cost considerations for the telecommuter go above the basic infrastructure requirement.Integrating telecommuting into the corporate culture involves cautiously estimating personnel considerations, support issues, long-term investment strategy and productivity standards.Higher recurring expenses and a steep er cost relate to support remote computing.Corporations must start investing capital dollars in security economics-the analyzed loss of corporate information as a result of data piracy. Proper readying and careful review of security procedures helps corporations overcome this problem.The alternative workplace provides both tremendous tangible and intangible benefits. However, as most economists would point out, Theres no such thing as a free lunch. There are many human resources problems and issues that must be addressed in the beginning telecommuting can be optimally and positively impacted.Examining the Obstacles to TelecommutingFirst, companies wishing to utilize telecommuting should uncover any potential obstacles that could deter or impact its effectiveness. During the planning process for telecommuting, it is important to brainstorm to uncover any possible problems or threats. In addition, access to the Internet, inappropriate transmission of potentially offensive materials and electronic mail are also concerns for companies wishing to deploy telecommuting should address (Courtenay, 67). Among the potential obstacles that must be overcome include ingrained behaviors, cultural and system improvements, and legal and tax ramifications.Ingrained behaviors and practical hurdles make telecommuting hard to implement (Apgar, 121). This may result in employees who will resist the parkway to this new paradigm. A special concern for human resources should be old-line managers. Old-line managers are one of the biggest obstacles to the alternative workplace. The problem is they manage by observation, not by results (Harler, 27).Managing both the cultural changes and the system improvements required by and AW initiative are substantial (Apgar, 121). Human Resources must retool to support the new type of employee. For example, at Levi Strauss. A family task force was created to assist in reconciling between work and family life. The task force was formed to examine the changing needs of employees in monetary value of flex time, part-time jobs and other issues.The task force, which meets monthly, is chaired by the CEO, a fact that underscores its credibility and organizational priority (Riggs, 47). Among the system improvements include time management. Managers in an AW environment, especially one in which employees work from a distance, must also pay close attention to time management. Failure to do so will sternly impact the workflow of a telecommuter (Apgar, 128).Companies should look at the legal and tax ramifications of a corporate telecommuting program. Among those legal issues that must be addressed include insurance, liability and workers compensation, and local legal and union issues. What would happen if company owned property is stolen or damaged from a workers home? Does the workers homeowners insurance cover it, or does the employer? While liability and workers compensation is a concern for employers, the issues have not been tot ally defined, and therefore not worth of much worry. In addition, court cases have not defined this area (Harler, 28). When companies research local legal issues, they should particularly look at zoning in the employees hometown. Some condominium bylaws, for example, forbid working out of the home (Harler, 28).

The Medieval Civilization

The greater musical composition of chivalric civilization was a quantify of simplicity and little cultural reading. feudalism was the structure that g everywherened medieval beau monde and came to represent this time hitch. The church became the universal symbol of medieval unity. Toward the end of the medieval period, however, towns flock life and life-size-scale trade and commerce were revived. Great changes took place in the church fostering a new era and change. Feudalism was a system of government that provided the structure for the political, social, and economic aspects of medieval civilization.It consisted of contracts between members of the nobility and less powerful nobles who served as their vassals. Economically it was a contract between the serfs who farmed that land and the nobles who crap it. Feudalism was very complex and confusing in some steerings, but it could also be looked at as very simple. It was constructed in a pyramid or chess board-like form. King s were at the top although they did non have much power, lords and vassals followed the king and had control of the lesser nobles. The serfs were at the base of the pyramid.A manor house, otherwise cognize as the lords estate, was where everyone lived and worked. In exchange for a place to live, food, and mainly protection, the serfs farmed the land. Agriculture was the founding of feudalism, where land and food was used to barter for other items. There were different taxationes and positions of distinct people on the manor. This illustrates the complexity of feudal life during the medieval ages. If you look at it as what the duties were of each specific sort you see the simplicity of feudalism.Each member of medieval society had its own particular tasks to perform. The serfs preformed the most effortful tasks and often did the same thing everyday. The knights protected the manor and the lords were responsible for taking care of everyone on their manor. The feudal system coul d be compared to a modern corporation. The serfs could be looked at as the workers, the lords as management, the knights to the security, and the king would be the CEO of the company.Feudalism was complex in its organization and simple it its implementation. During most of the medieval time period the church was the center of society and was the law of the land. The church regulated business practices, had the power to tax, controlled all people through the power of excommunication and had influence on the aesthetic aspects of life. The church exemplified both the simplicity and complexity of medieval life. Monks led a very simple life. Their days were spent working hard, studying, and praying.The church cherished to make life simpler by standardizing the rite, calendar, and monastic rule. It was more complex then simple however. The church held a great deal of power that was often in conflict with the monarch. The head of the church, the pope, spent much of his time in Rome while attempting to govern the rest of Europe. It was difficult to govern such a large geographical area while residing in a city that was not centrally located. In A. D. 1377, pontiff Gregory XI left Avignon and returned to Rome.This was known as the great schism and it developed great entanglement in the popes standing in medieval society. The crusades, while increasing the status of the pope, also increased the power of the monarchs over the nobles. Feudalism was broken down and the power the church was illustrated in the crusades. Certain aspects of the church tried to simplify life while other things only made it more complex. Population growth contributed to the migration of people from the manor to the town, which was the base of complexity in the later power point of the Middle Ages.A self-sufficient manor sometimes was the beginning of a town where people came to form a complex web of commerce and trade. Products were bought with funds rather then used to barter for other nece ssities such as in the earlier stage of the Middle Ages. As the towns grew the people became dissatisfied with being ruled by the nobles and church. They wanted to govern and tax themselves, and eventually they began to do these things without the consent of the church or nobles.To better protect themselves the townspeople often get together together with people from other towns to form leagues. These leagues would band together to protect one another and call forth trade. The people organized themselves even further with forming merchant and craft guilds. The guilds controlled the making and sale of particular products. Feudal lords as well as the church was concerned with the formation of towns. Townspeople were able to increase their riches through the sale and manufacturing of goods, while the lords only produced what was needed for their manor.The serfs began to move a mien from the manor because they realized that they could have a better life if they lived in the towns. By forming autonomous towns, people created complex relationships between themselves and the monarchs and churches. This was the development of a more complex form of economic subsistence known as capitalism. Medieval civilization was a time of change in many different ways, both simple and complex. Feudalism was organized in a quite clear way yet the structure in which it was carried out and the roles played in it were confusing.The churchs power was very perplexing in that it had the power to run the government and economy. The way that the church wanted to standardize certain things was easy to understand. Towns were complex in their organization and in the way they divided the power among the common people and the nobles and church. Medieval society that was once based on opinion became rooted in scholasticism. Many new ideas brought up through the medieval civilization forced the society to be both simple and complex in many aspects.

The Heat Death of the Universe

The possibility about modify finish of the reality Our knowledge of the universe is still negligible, and we goat not confidently assert that the universe is not under the influence of external forces, or whitethorn be considered as a thermodynamic system. However, it is the concept of modify devastation was the first step to realize the possible boundedness of the Universe, although we do not know when and on what scenario will happen of its destruction. At the present stage of human race (13. 72 billion years), the universe radiates as a black body with a temperature of 2,725 K. Its maximum to the absolute frequency 160. GHz (microwave radiation), which corresponds to a wavelength of 1. 9 mm. It is isotropic up to 0,001% the standard deviation of temperature is approximately 18 IWC. The heat death is a possible final thermodynamic suppose of the universe, in which it has run down to a state of no thermodynamic free goose egg to pose motion or life. In carnal terms, it has reached maximum siemens. The hypothesis of a common heat death stems from the 1850s ideas of William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who extrapolated the surmisal of heat views of mechanical energy loss in nature, as embodied in the first deuce laws of thermodynamics, to universal operation.The idea of heat death of the universe derives from discussion of the application of the first two laws of thermodynamics to universal processes. Specifically, in 1851 William Thomson outlined the view, as based on recent experiments on the dynamical theory of heat, that heat is not a substance, but a dynamical form of mechanical effect, we perceive that there must be an equivalence between mechanical work and heat, as between cause and effect. 1 In 1852, Thomson make his On a Universal Tendency in Nature to the Dissipation of Mechanical Energy in which he outlined the rudiments of the second law of thermodynamics summarized by the view that mechanical motion and the energy used to create th at motion will tend to dissipate or run down, naturally. 2 The ideas in this paper, in relation to their application to the age of the sun and the dynamics of the universal operation, attracted the likes of William Rankine and Hermann von Helmholtz.The three of them were said to have interchange ideas on this subject. 3 In 1862, Thomson published On the age of the suns heat, an article in which he reiterated his fundamental beliefs in the indestructibility of energy (the first law) and the universal dissipation of energy (the second law), jumper cable to diffusion of heat, cessation of motion, and exhaustion of potential energy through the material universe while explicate his view of the consequences for the universe as a whole.In a key paragraph, Thomson wrote The result would inevitably be a state of universal rest and death, if the universe were finite and left to obey existing laws. But it is unsufferable to conceive a limit to the extent of look in the universe and theref ore science points kind of to an endless progress, through an endless space, of action involving the transformation of potential energy into palpable motion and thence into heat, than to a single finite mechanism, running down like a clock, and stopping forever. 4 Boltzmann, open the community of entropy S and the statistical weight of P, considered that the on-line(prenominal) state of the universe is homogeneous grand edition *, although its appearance has a negligible probability. 5 In a heat death, the temperature of the entire universe would be very close to absolute zero. Heat death is, however, not preferably the same as ice-cold death, or the Big Freeze, in which the universe simply becomes too cold to sustain life due(p) to continued expansion though, from the point of view of anything that might be alive, the result is quite similar. 6. Inflationary cosmology suggests that in the early universe, before cosmic expansion, energy was uniformly distributed,7 and thus t he universe was in a state superficially similar to heat death. However, the two states are in occurrence very different in the early universe, gravity was a very important force, and in a gravitational system, if energy is uniformly distributed, entropy is quite low, compared to a state in which most matter has collapsed into black holes.Thus, much(prenominal) a state is not in thermal equilibrium, and in fact there is no thermal equilibrium for such a system, as it is thermodynamically unstable. 89 However, in the heat death scenario, the energy density is so low that the system can be thought of as non-gravitational, such that a state in which energy is uniformly distributed is a thermal equilibrium state, i. e. , the state of supreme entropy. The final state of the universe depends on the assumptions made about its ultimate fate, and these assumptions have varied easily over the late 20th century and early 21st century.In a closed universe that undergoes recollapse, a heat death is expected to occur, with the universe approaching arbitrarily high temperature and maximal entropy as the end of the collapse approaches. citation needed In an open or flat universe that continues expanding indefinitely, a heat death is also expected to occurcitation needed, with the universe cooling to approach absolute zero temperature and approaching a state of maximal entropy over a very long time period.There is dispute over whether or not an expanding universe can approach maximal entropy it has been proposed that in an expanding universe, the value of maximum entropy increases faster than the universe gains entropy, causing the universe to move progressively further away from heat death. However, current analysis of entropy suggests that the visible universe has more entropy than previously thought. This is because the research concludes that supermassive black holes are the largest contributor. 10 From the Big Bang through the present day and well into the future, ma tter and dark matter in the universe is concentrated in stars, galaxies, and galaxy clusters. Therefore, the universe is not in thermodynamic equilibrium and objects can do physical work. 11. The decay time of a roughly galaxy-mass (1011 solar masses) supermassive black hole due to Hawking radiation is on the order of 10100 years,12, so entropy can be produced until at least(prenominal) that time. After that time, the universe enters the so-called dark era, and is expected to consist chiefly of a dilute blow of photons and leptons. 11.With only very diffuse matter remaining, activity in the universe will have track off dramatically, with very low energy levels and very large time scales. Speculatively, it is possible that the Universe may enter a second inflationary epoch, or, assuming that the current vacuum state is a irrational vacuum, the vacuum may decay into a lower-energy state. 11. It is also possible that entropy production will spare and the universe will achieve heat death. 11.

Abortion: the most controversial issues in America

Nina Emmrich English 1 Abortion bozo Thorvaldsen 14, April 14, 2013 Abortion, this is integrity of the most controversial government issues in America. Its been an issue for over 200 stratums. In 1973 it was defend under law. But today it isnt. Most Ameri rear ends opine that its a un ripe(p)eousness to feel an spontaneous stillbirth while others see it as a choice to do it. There score been numerous legal fortunes against and also for stillbirth. Many bewilder won still numerous another(prenominal) have lost. This issue will neer end. It will always be an argument. By having an stillbirth the stimulate is cleanup position and not guilty peasant who has no separate in it.The family and obtain should also have a say in it as well. A little before the 1800s states practiced some form of the English putting surface Law which happened to also lack codification. Abortion and unwed maternity didnt exist in this date period. Finding the narration of abortion is more difficult than people squirt imagine because there arent very many records of it to go off of. Starting in the 1600s, there was the first conviction of the attentive to abort a child. This went down in the state of Maryland, and thus four years recentr some other girl was arrested for murder because she had an abortion.This also happened in Maryland, however that case was dropped after the woman married the lonesome(prenominal) witness who of course refused to testify. Another case that happened was in 1710 where Virginia Law made it a capital villainy to be pregnant and then be found with a dead baby. In 1719 Delaware made it that anyone who counseled abortion or even infanticide an accessory to murder. According to Olaskys notes infanticide was probably the most frequent way of killing unwanted, illegitimate children. Abortifacients were k at a timen to and used in the early America.But by using them was like playing Russian roulette with three bullets in the ch amber. So already there are beginning to shoot it a crime to have abortions. (abort73. com) There are many key factors that went into the process of deciding a case. They didnt always have specific legislation for abortion and infanticide, those who did happened to have the same problem. It was impossible to have the recompense evidence to convict someone, and even more so pregnancy was hard to confirm. There was never a corpse or a witness to prove it. But on the bright side there was a great deal of the ury that had sympathy for the abandoned and desperate woman. Either way there was a lot of non-legislative factors that had been working against infanticide and abortion. A major factor was that the man should act honorably and pop the question to the women if he got her pregnant before they were married. (abort73. com) To give more to the influence of the society was the religious and scientific community. They condemned abortion both for how the bible speaks of an unborn chil d and also for the well-k straightn testimony of church pillars like whoremonger Calvin who forbade abortion.From the 1600s-1800s the scientific community believed that babies actually existed before they were conceived. This was also another anti-abortion influence. The difficulty confirming pregnancy before quickening made early abortions almost impossible, and late term abortions ruined marriage prospects, and were passing dangerous. (Abort73. com pg. 2) Theres more to the register than honourable the community. Lawmakers had to start dealing with abortion in the late 1800s. It was 1821 when the first abortion legislation had passes in Connecticut.The lawmakers everywhere else tried to keep up. New York legislation changed on abortion 10 times between 1828 and 1881. (Abort73. com) Abortion should be illegal. When women have abortions they are killing innocent children. Its a sin to do so. Of course its a choice of the mother but what about the family. What about the father? D ont they have a say in what happens to their child. As America grew and expanded, most of the support mechanisms that helped provide for women during their crisis pregnancies had begun to want.The increase in social isolation and separation through with(predicate) urbanization had removed the societal and familial safety net for pregnant and non-married women had to fall back on. The hiding of a womens pregnancy alone with smothering the baby after it was born was then considered a choice. Therefore abortion was beginning to prepare a foothold, but it was still not considered legitimate or legal. The frequency of was increasing as more young women found alone and pregnant. Dr. John Trader of minute stated that contended that men were (the ones) pushing women into abortion.So it goes to show that the men are also part of the abortions happening. (abort73. com) Slowly the opposition of abortion began to lose a lot of its moral framework. In the med. Books abortion was beginning to be counseled against for the potential risks as it had been presented to many women instead of the life history cosmos destroyed. It was said that the right to destroy became the central belief to a women named Margaret Sanger. She began to expose it in publicity. She would celebrate the virtue of sexual promiscuity and she would attack any womens shelter.She then would have gone on to fount plotted line which still today remains the largest abortion provider in the United States. The government funding was requisite to remove all religious indoctrination and professional social workers re piazzad the evangelically-oriented matrons. The compassion shifted from helping to do what is right to doing any(prenominal) people feel like doing. (abort73. com) The birth control issue split the pro-life community for many years and hamstrung their efforts during the crucial 1960s. (abort73. om) In the year of 1962 there were reports of a women who died form and illegal abortion and she wa s then cut into pieces which had horrified the entire nation. Sherri Finkbine became famous women for having an abortion in Sweden because she was worried that her child was going to be disabled. An average American had begun to see illegal abortion instead of abortion itself as the real problem. In the year of 1967 Colorado and California became the first states to legalize abortions for only pregnancies that resulted in rape, incest, or pregnancies that threatened the life of a women as well as a pregnancy of a severely handicapped child.Then at bottom the next three years, Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Maryland, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina and Virginia soon followed. Then in 1970 New York became one of the first states to offer unrestricted abortion, but only during the first 24 weeks of the womens pregnancy. Then in 1971 the hard roe v. Wade case came to trial. The verdict was decided in 1973 which was that all state la ws regulating abortion were strict. And the demand became the law of the land. So as you can see that abortion had a lot of history in front of it, but does it still make it right for it to be legal?Some believe that abortion should only be legal for certain reasons, such as Rape victims. While many disagree with this option there are many who do agree. A woman who was raped and is carrying the rapist baby should have the right to decide what she would like to do with the baby. Its not the courts decision its hers. Its been a womans right since the Roe V. Wade case that abortion is legal. This caused an outrage. There were protests out on the steps of the courthouse where people were let out that they are allowing woman to kill innocent children.And they have a point too. putting to death a child when they have no say in it is considered murder to some people. Anytime you kill a human being is murder so how is this any different. A woman in the army was 19 and was in an scurrilous relationship and he had gotten her pregnant. She didnt want to tell him. She was called a whore, a tramp and embarrassment to her family. They told her to arrange home and discuss it as a family. Well little did she know they had made an appointment for her to get an abortion. No matter what she said it was all wrong.Her oldest brother whom she respected wouldnt even talk to her he was so ashamed of her. Her family kept telling her to get an abortion but she was against it. The argument lasted 3 hours and last she went to bed. But her family wouldnt leave her alone until she made a decision. She was denied aliment that night and when she awoke the next morning she was denied food as well. So she finally gave in and they drove her to the clinic. She had the abortion and she saw a 16 year old girl in there and she hugged her and they cried together.Her parents as well as her brothers never apologized for their actions. Her take out from this experience is that she can be compassio nate to young teens that have made the horrible choice of having an abortion. She is now 47, married with 2 children and adopting a third. This story shows that there is regret to getting an abortion. She never stopped view of her first child. She told her now 21 year old daughter who had gotten pregnant 19 about what happened and her granddaughter is now one year old. There will always be that regret of having a child. (abort73. om) There was a case called Roe v. Wade. This was a case between a single pregnant that brought a partition action challenge to the constitutionality of the Texas criminal abortion laws by procuring or attempting an abortion on medical footing for the mother. A licensed physician named Hallford who had to cases pending against him was somehow permitted to intervene. A married couple who were unable to advertise a child separately attacked the laws as well based on alleged injury from the trial of contraceptives, pregnancy as well as impairment of the w ifes health.Roe and Hallford were standing to sue and presented justiciable controversies. The court decided to that the abortion status void as vague as those plaintiffs Ninth and Fourteenth Amendments. The District Court given(p) declaratory relief to Roe and Hallford. It was then decided in 1973 that the Courts ruled that the Texas criminal abortion statures are unconstitutional. (Cornell. edu) There are places that do abortions. These are called abortion clinics. The main one that is most popular is Planned stock. These places should not exist.Allowing young teens to come in and murder their child is wrong. In the case Planned Parenthood v. Casey the Supreme Court considered a Pennsylvania law that imposed the regulations on abortion. This case was not promptly connected to Roe v. Wade. Although the Court didnt contend that Roe v. Wade was a correct application of conclude judgment. In extreme arrogance the Court declared where the performance of its judicial duties, the Cou rt decides the case in such way as to resolve the sort of intensely divisive controversy reflected in Roe and those rare comparable cases.Contending sides of a national controversy to end their national division by judge a habitual mandate rooted in the constitution. In this case Planned Parenthood because of the case Roe v. Wade and how abortion is legal because its a national law. (Lifenews. com) There are so many reasons as to why abortion should not be legal but we have to look at the other side of the picture. We have to look at reasons why is should be legal and the reasons behind that. The freehanded reason is Rape victims. Why should they have to carry the rapists baby. They should have every right to get disengage of it.And with abortion being legal they can. To them its not a sin. They are getting rid of something that was part of a horror that they went through. They have the right to decide and to them they arent doing the wrong thing they are doing the right thing. No one can stop them. They have the freedom to choose. Abortion is used for many different reasons. Those reasons can be that the mother was raped and didnt want to keep the child or if they didnt abort the mother would die. These are two serious reasons as to why some people are for abortion.It can save someones life when it comes to the decision of life or death. Or it could be the free release from something sad that happened to someone. Abortion isnt all bad in some ways. Those two reasons are important to some people. A mother who doesnt want to carry a rapists baby shouldnt have to. And if the child is killing the mother and abortion is the only way to save her life then do it. There are medical reasons to do abortions. non just personal. Not only is it the mothers decision but it should also be the fathers decision as well.He should have a right to decide whether the baby lives or not. He helped create it. Its unfair to mobilise that he will never be able to see is child because the mother aborted it without him knowing. Its unfair. Every father should have the right of say in what happens to his child. Then theres the issue of the family. The family should also have a say in what happens as well. They can help take care of the baby. Be there for the mother. Help her on the way. Help her, guide her. Give her and the baby love. They will be there for. The mother should want that, should have that.The families are supposed to be there for their children. Love them no matter what happens to them. They will love their grandchildren just the same. So they should have a right of say as well. They will help guide the mother through the tough times. They will be there for her and the child, no matter what. So with all that history and all that information, have you come to a conclusion as to whether you are for or against it. You should be against it. Its murder. cleaning an innocent child is just wrong. Everyone has the right to do as they please but in common sense its the worst thing you could do.There are other options like keeping the baby or fully grown it up for adoption. Why kill the baby when you can give it life. Give it a home, a place to eat, sleep, live and be happy. Or give it to a family whose always wanted a child but could never have one of their own. Give that baby a future. Dont kill it. It deserves to live. Everyone deserves to live. Not die. Its wrong. So with all this information, I hope youve made the right decision as to whose side youre on. Killing an innocent child is wrong, and it needs to be stopped.

Different Aspects of Personality Essay

1) PHYSICAL APPEARANCEVisual impact is the first impression that you make on some others. Factors which financial aid are cleanliness, proper clothing, smartness and cheerfulness. Try to be at your visual best always.2) COMMUNICATION SKILLS conference skills play a very important role in your constitution rating. Communication Skills comprises of speaking ability, comprehension, contribution culture as well as writing skills . Also , if you are a good conversationalist as well as a good listener and genuinely interested in other people, you can win many friends and make a good impression on others.3) KNOWLEDGEA wide and prospective knowledge in addition to depth in your own field of story majusculely helps in the building up of your personality. This needs wide reading and assimilation ,observation and inquisitiveness to fill and also interaction with learned experienced people.4) SKILLS- (PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL)Development o pertinent skills needed for your professional d ie and personal life greatly enhances your personality. Some of the important ones are leadership skills, organizations skills, practical skills in your field, valet management skills, entertainment skills including some basic skills like first-aid, cooking, driving etc.5) SELF-CONFIDENCEIt is the confidence in ones own abilities which helps in taking up responsibilities and initiative things. Self-confidence can greatly perk up your image and help you in giving a dynamic personality. Courage, logical summary and successful experiences greatly help in boosting up your self-confidence.6) PERSONAL QUALITIESTo a great extent, it is the personal qualities which micturate and give shape to your personality. Some of the important qualities which help towards a good personality build-up are the spare-time activity character and morality etiquette and manners discipline work ethics time management friendliness and love life humor optimism and cheerful attitude helpful nature humidity m aturity and emotional stability.7) HEALTH level-headed and robust health is an essential and necessary quality for a good personality. Without good health you beat ineffective even if you possess all other qualities and achievements.8 ) ACTIVITIES AND INTERSTSAn active interest in a wide variety of things like sports, cultural activities, social activities, as well as interest in some hobbies go a long way in giving an all round personality to an individual.9)ACHIEVEMENTS AND SUCCESSFinally, achievements and success are factors which enhances your personality and image. They in turn bring popularity and more opportunities. They are great motivating factors which will give a boost to your personality.