Essential Parts of Computer and How It Works

Contents II. Introduction2 III. Computers2 A. mainframe2 B. reposition memory3 1. immemorial repositing3 2. Secondary storage4 C. Peripherals8 1. sign-jets (bubble-jets) news piecemans8 2. Laserjet printers9 IV. Connecting To net income10 V. Conclusion12 VI. rootage List13 * Introduction Nowadays, cart track pipeline in 20th snow kernel that you got to be clever near technology. When companies argon striving for higher achievements and to a greater extent-efficient workability, induction is what every unmatched craving for. Thats the spot where technology shoots. Computer is one essential sire of our modern technology.However, while the majority of plenty sock how to theatrical role calculator, they dont know how the machine working the technical foul overgorge. It be come ups a problem when the technical stuff got broken and almost everybody does not go about a clue. To improve our note substance that we need to improve our consciousness to estimator itsel f. So, with this guide, I hold we brook agnise the remains of our computing machine, not just by its advantages, save by its personality too. savor a new relationship with your learning assisting dodge. Computers For this matter, these be whatever of essential activates from reckoner that concord its mesh A. aboriginal bear on Unit (central processing unit) B. Storage devices C. Peripherals central processing unit Central Processing Unit ( processor), or called as processor, is the central part of data processor, which accepts and processes information into cultivation and maintaining its system (Gilster, 2000). In comparison, a outlook to benevolent is the aforementioned(prenominal) for CPU to computer. It stabilizes and ensuring computer to run normal. Moursund (1978) says that CPU consists of 2 social units check up on unit and arithmetic/logic unit. The look into unit gives instruction manual to the system for death penalty programs. The control un it doesnt do the tasks, still just giving orders to different units to do its jobs.The arithmetic/logic unit execute arithmetic and mathematical equations in the system, comparable addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. To work in a constant and stabile period of time, CPU uses a small quartz vitreous silica called the measure system (Shelly, Cashman, Vermaat, 2008). The system clock produces electronic pulses, or ticks, that set the operational period to the components of the system unit. The clock system speed is measured by the add up of ticks per second or hertz unit. Hertz (Hz) is the measurement of speed in info processing. The express the clock speed, the more instructions the processor stern execute per second.For physical exertion in our computer schools, there be two brand options, AMD & Intel. AMDs Athlon X2 ternary Core, and Intels Pentium D 925, both of them confuse 3 GHz clock speeds which ar compatible for our students needfully in com puter. I recommend Intels for our school since it has cut price than AMD. AMD has lower heat though in its operation, but this problem asshole be keep by putting a first-rate working fan to cool the processor. retentivity storage Extra on that point ar terms of measure we need to know that employ in byte (B) and hertz (Hz). They be 1 Kilo (KB/ KHz) = k (B/Hz) 1 Mega (MB/MHz) = 1000 Kilo = 1,000,000 (B/Hz) Giga (GB/GHz) = 1,000,000 = 1,000,000,000 (B/Hz) 1 Tera (TB/THz) = 1000 Giga = 1,000,000 Mega = 1,000,000,000 Kilo = 1000,000,000,000 (B/Hz) (Shelly et al. , 2008) entrepot storage is the pose where computer store all selective information and information in the machine. To measure storehouse storage, we use Byte unit. Byte is the measurement of space, determines the quantity of data that memory can save. in that respect ar two kinds of memory storage first-string storage & secondary coil storage. Primary storage RAM Random Access Memory (RAM), is utilize to open up programs, images, or any details when the computer is on.Its function is to accelerate the speed of processing programs. When the computer is off, the memory loses its data too and leave alone be restarting when the computer is on again. Thats why RAM also called as temporary memory (Stokes, 2008). ROM Read-Only Memory (ROM) is used to store essential programs for computer, more(prenominal) as system operation (Smith, 2011). data in ROMs cannot be changed again or written, unless for slightly references of ROM alike(p)(p) erasable programmable read- except memory (erasable programme read- exclusively memory) or apply some technique like exposing ROM to sunlight. amass hoard located between CPU and RAM.It is a high-speed memory that accelerates CPU to exchange information from RAM (Shelly, et al, 2008). Cache works in a frequently accessible files and programs in the computer so it can be processed in shorter time. For example, a secretarys computer which used for typ ing a drawing card bequeath incur its word-processing program undefendable faster than the early(a) staffs computer. Secondary storage * Stokes (2008) utters that secondary storage is used for rescue files and information in the matter of capacity. When programs atomic number 18 installed into the computer or files argon inserted, secondary memory is the place where all the stuffs ar put into.It gives information about how much computer can store data in its system. Files, programs, and new(prenominal)wise stuffs that put in secondary storage atomic number 18 salvage permanently in the system. So, when the computer is off, the stuffs will stay at the same state and condition without having any lost parts. fork over 2. 1 Secondary storage works like cloth drawers for computers. As long as there is a space, it is fine to put more things. photo obtain http//corriehaffly. wordpress. com There atomic number 18 various(a) forms of secondary storage. somewhat attached in CPU and some is separated from computer.These ar the kinds of it. Hard Disk Picture 2. 2 corporeal appearance of a strong take d receive book. assure source http//www. pcguide. com A surd disk is a metal magnetic disk coated with magnetic oxide that can be magnetized to represent data (Shelly, et al, 2008). The galactic disk has top side and understructure side which used for record and storing data in computer. To be used, hard disk must be attached in computer. opthalmic record Picture 2. 3 Physical appearance of opthalmic criminal record. moving picture source http//www. digitalmatrix. us An optical disc is a flat, round, portholeable, disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer.These discs normally have 4. 75 inches in diam and less than one-twentieth of an inch thick (Shelly, et al, 2008). Optical disc comm lonesome(prenominal) used for storing music, pictures, or programs depend on its capacity. There are many vitrines of optical discs. Some types can be use d for reading and recording files in it, some can only be used for read. compact disc read-only memory A compact disc read-only memory (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), is a type of optical disc that can only be used for read the files in it (Shelly, et al. , 2008). The discs capacitance cannot be economize-able or quash-able anymore.A typical CD-ROM has capacity from 650 MB to 1 GB of data, instructions, and information. To read a CD-ROM, you can use CD-ROM drive or CD-ROM player. Commonly, CD-ROM is used in license application, programs, music albums, or encyclopaedias so it cannot be pirated. CD-R and CD-RW A CD-R (Compact Disc Recordable) is a multisession optical disc which users can write, but cannot erase the items in it, like text, graphic, or audio. Multisession manner you can write on part of the disc one time and an an opposite(prenominal) part at a later time (Shelly, et al. , 2008). bring out in this term means to record files.A CD-R can only be written once and th e content cannot be erased. To write and read a CD-R, you need a CD-R drive. DVD-ROM and DVD-R A DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disc Read-Only Memory or Digital Video Disc Read-Only Memory) is a high capacity optical disc on which users can read but not write or erase (Shelly, et al. , 2008). To read a DVD-ROM, you need DVD-ROM software system. DVD-R has the same characteristic as CD-R, only with large capacity. DVDs usually has 4 GB capacity. jiffy Memory Picture 2. 4 Physical appearance of flash memory. Image source http//techcrunch. comFlash memory is a small, portable stick which implanted electrical chips that used to store files in computer (Shelly, et al. , 2008). Its surface is none bigger than adult human thumb. It connects to a computer via an USB port. Its files can be read and written in dual times. Flash memory has various capacities, from 256 MB until 32 GB are on hand(predicate) in stores. Peripherals Peripherals are electronic devices that support computer function s to more useful and perceivable (Gilster, 2000). Peripherals commonly consist of computer screen, speaker, printer, keyboard, and mouse. individually device is connected through port cables that inserted into CPU ports. In this handout, I would like to discuss the function of printer itself. Since it is a primary office need, so it is beautiful to know and be aware for this machine. imprint machine is an electronic device that used for effect images and texts in computer file, usually utilise constitutions as its medium (Gilster, 2000). There are many types of printers which available in the market and usually used for business and office work. Ink-jets (bubble-jets) printers Picture 3. 1 bubble jet printer. Image source http//www. inkjet- optical maser. comInk-jet printer sprays ionized tiny inks on the stem. The feeling pattern is organized by using magnetized plates in printer (Shelly et al. , 2008). It can produce high shade images that frequently used for photograph y. There are models that designed to pitch-black and white (B/W) color depressions too. Laserjet printers Picture 3. 2 Laser printer. Image source http//www. hypercup. org Laser printers works by using lasers that melts disintegrate inks in cartridges, accordingly the ink putted on a paper by desired pattern (Shelly et al. , 2008). absquatulate service usually use this type due to its fast process.Here are the comparisons of bubble jet printer and laser printers as shown below. Ink-jet printing machine Laserjet pressman 1. Print by spraying inks into paper, which makes the ink is more liquid on paper. If the paper is touched or get heated, the ink can melt and smear the paper 1. Print by heated powdered inks with laser. The ink is fast to dry. 2. mental picture process are quiet and does not mystify any mechanical noise 2. Printing process causes mechanical noise. 3. Many models come in portable sizes, which are fitted for position and personal use that do not demand fr equent printing. 3. There are portable sizes and large sizes. takeout size are suitable for home and personal use, while large sizes are suitable for office or business use that demands frequent printing. 4. The quality of printing can be adjusted for faster printing process 4. The quality of printing cannot be adjusted Ink-jet Printer vs. Laser Jet Printer (Frost, 2010) Connecting To Internet To obtain much information, profit is constantly helpful for providing sources anywhere and anytime. Connecting our computer to net income means that open the access of our computer through signals.To make it do so, computers are needed to be included in a engagement. Network is a throng of computers and devices that connected together through communion devices and transmission media (Sosinsky, 2009). It is used in houses, cafes, libraries, or offices for many purposes, even for personal or business purposes. The ability of network allows mickle to communicate through for separately one other (in verbal or in visual), sacramental manduction files, transfer money, etc. As Sosinsky (2009) states, networks patterns are divided into two categories client/ legion and peer-to-peer. 1. Client/serverOne computer works as a server, and then the other computers or devices in network work as client. A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources in network. It makes a server the marrow squash storage of programs, data, and information. The clients are other computers and devices that entrust on a server for its resources. 2. Peer-to-peer Peer-to-peer system is like two friends manduction stories to distributively other. One has useful information that the other one did not know, and vice-versa. In this network, each computer, called a peer, has different responsibility and capability, sharing hardware (e. printer), data, or information with other computers. Each computer has its files in own storage, but also have the same operating system a nd application software that allows them to connected to each other. For creating networks, computers need some equipment to make them connected through each other. Here are some services which make our computer available to cyberspace. 1. Dial-Up Modems Dial-up modems are working by using promise devices. When a computer connects to internet, computer transmits digital signals which converted into analog signal then it is transmitted over standard environ lines (Shelly, et al. 2008). The internet speed is up to 56 kilobyte/second. Many people do not really interested in using dial-up modems now because it requires one visit lines for working and other services have faster speed. 2. broadband Services Broadband internet is a high-speed internet that connected through a fit (Shelly, et al. , 2008). Broadband internet services are provided through vary methods. Some know methods are a) DSL (digital subscriber line), using telephone lines but does not interject telephone connec tion b) A cable modem that uses cable television network ) A Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) network uses radio signals to provide internet connection to computers and devices. Conclusion CPU plays the part of accepting data and processed it into relevant and understandable information based on logic and arithmetic way of work. data and information that has been processed comes in the build of programs and files. The computers program and files are kept in memory storage. Some memory storage attached in computer, like hard disks, RAMs, ROMs, Registers, and Caches. Some are separated from computer for its portability, like optical discs and thumb drives.Printers are machines that used for printing and photocopying documents and images in computer. This can be used for printing in colour and black/white printings. Connecting computer to internet means to put it into a network. In a network, computer users can obtain information from many other sources and communicate with other computer u sers. Internet can be accessible through these two services, dial-up modem and broadband internet services. Through this guide, I mirthful if you feel informed and become more common to computers. Knowing new things means to get to you into new insights.I hope the knowledge you read here can be useful for now and the future. Reference List Cashman, T. J. , Shelly, G. B. & Vermaat, M. E. (2008). Discovering computers 2008 complete. Boston, Massachusetts Thomson Course Technology. Cashman, T. J. , Shelly, G. B. & Vermaat, M. E. (2008). Discovering computers basics (4th eds. ). Boston, Massachusetts Thomson Course Technology. Frost, M. (2010). Laser vs. inkjet printers. Retrieved kinsfolk 28, 2011, from http//www. ehow. com/about_5390377_laser-vs-inkjet-printers. hypertext mark-up language Gilster, R. (2001). PC hardware a beginners guide. Berkeley Osborne/McGraw-Hill Moore, C.Laserjet vs. Inkjet. (n. d). Retrieved September 20, 2011, fromhttp//www. ehow. com/about_5327065_laserjet- vs-inkjet. hypertext markup language Moursund, D. G. (1978). Basic programming for computer literacy. radical York McGraw-Hill Smith, M. (2011). What is read only memory. Retrieved September 28, 2011, fromhttp//www. ehow. com/info_8751600_readonly-memory. html Sosinsky, B. (2009). Networking bible. New York John Wiley and Sons. Stokes, A. P. (2008). Is this thing going away on. New York Workman. How computer work the CPU and memory. (n. d). Retrieved September 19, 2011, from http//homepage. cs. uri. edu/faculty/wolfe/book/Readings/Reading04. htm